Animal Liberation, By Peter Singer - 1302 Words

Over the recent years, the public has be more aware of the animal liberation movement. This movement opposes factory farming and animal experimentation; the movement demanding animal equality. The animal liberation movement demands for the people to expand their moral capabilities, to recognize that animals should be treated as equals. However, it is hard for one to recognize that the moral inequality until it is forcibly pointed out to them. Peter Singer, author of Animal Liberation, has written about various ethical issues that should be dealt with; he is and is widely known for his compassion and work on animal welfare. Singer compares discrimination between humans to the moral injustice that humans have shown animals. Singer examines the idea of blacks and women command equality because they have the same ability to be leaders, to rationalize, the same intellect as whites and males. However, animals do not have the same ability to compete for leadership with humans. Since humans and animals do not have same intelligence and capabilities, one could infer animals should be treated less humane, according to the definition of justice. Justice requires that one must treat their equals equally, and since animals are not equal to humans in any moral aspect, then we can philosophically consider that the immoral treatment between humans and animals is not injustice. Thus, the argument between moral equality and factual arises. Moral equality exists because every human hasShow MoreRelatedAnimal Liberation By Peter Singer1329 Words   |  6 PagesKelsi Duncan Engl1030 Mr. Smith 09/24/2014 â€Å"Animal Liberation† Review Peter Singer’s essay on â€Å"Animal Liberation† was published in the New York Review in 1963. Ultimately, in this essay, Singer was trying to get humans to realize how they are treating non-humans, and that changes need to happen. Firstly, Singer claims that animals suffer just like humans do. He uses Jane Goodall and her chimpanzee research as an example. Jane Goodall taught a chimpanzee to talk with sign language, with this sheRead MoreAnalysis Of Peter Singer s Animal Liberation1800 Words   |  8 Pagesto argue in support of Peter Singer’s claims against speciesism. It is right to claim that human suffering and animal suffering should be given equal considerations. Both humans and nonhuman species suffer both physically and emotionally and both deserve equal considerations on the basis of morality. Peter Singer has written many works in support of animal rights. In one of his greatest works Animal Liberation, Singer goes into great depths on how similar in biology animals are to human beings. AnotherRead MoreThe Reading I Chose Is Animal Liberation, By Peter Singer828 Words   |  4 PagesThe reading I chose is Animal Liberation, by Peter Singer. Peter Singer argues against animals cruelty, discrimination, and animals equal rights. Singer uses philosophy to teach and educate others on his point of view. Singer points out that animals have rights too and supports animals just like he does with Black Liberation, Gay Liberation, and Women Liberation. Singer states, â€Å"It is a demand for a complete change in our attitudes to nonhumans. It is a demand that we cease to regard the exploitationRead MoreEssay on ANIMAL RIGHTS790 Words   |  4 PagesAnimals have their own rights as do to humans and we should respect that and give them the same respect we give each other. Animals deserve to be given those same basic rights as humans. All humans are considered equal and ethical principles and legal statutes should protect the rights of animals to live according to their own nature and remain free from exploitation. This paper is going to argue that animals deserve to have the same rights as humans and therefore, we don’t have the right to killRead MoreEssay Peter Singer Arguement That We are Speciesist 1126 Words   |  5 PagesSpeciesism, as defined by Peter Singer, â€Å"is a prejudice or attitude of bias in favor of the interests of members of one’s own species and against those of members of other species† (Singer, Animal Liberation, p. 6). The rationale for the preferential treatment encapsulated in this definition is simply the fact that those receiving the preferred treatment belong to the same species, and not on the basis of any grounds of higher intelligence or other attributes. Singer ensures that the reader can easilyRead MoreEssay What Moral and Ethical Obligations do Humans Have to Animals1492 Words   |  6 Pageseggs necessary to feed the population. The intensive farming method of animal husbandry has become quite a controversial issue and caused apprehension amongst many different factions of society. These concerns relate to how high density farming practices result in dangers associated with environmental impacts, human health and non-human welfare. Animal welfare/animal rights groups argue that the conditions in which the animals live are cruel and abhorrent. This notion of cruelty invites debate surroundingRead MoreEqual Rights for Animals in Peter Singer’s Article, All Animals are Equal652 Words   |  3 Pages In Peter Singer’s article, All Animals are Equal, Singer claims that animals deserve the same equal rights and respect that the human lives get. His strongest argument is defined by all animals, human or non-human shall b e defined as equal. Singer makes some very strong arguments within his article, but I feel some of his statements are humanist. As an animal lover and mother to two pets, I disagree that not all animals or living things endure the same amount. However, I do agree that animalsRead MoreExplain the distinction Jean Grimshaw makes between misogyny and philosophically significant ‘maleness’ of philosophical theories.999 Words   |  4 Pagestheories. 2. What reasons does Peter Singer give for his view that ‘differences between humans and animals’ are irrelevant to considerations of the moral ‘equality for animals’? Peter Singer explores the moral considerations when taking into account the equality of nonhumans. The fundamental principle of equality is that the interests of all individuals are of equal value, no matter who the individuals are. In this case, Singer is discussing nonhuman equality. Singer argues that if a being suffersRead MoreAnimal Research : Is It Human Or Inhuman?1100 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal research in psychology is a controversial issue that has raised many questions on whether it should be allowed Is it human or inhuman? Peter Singer, a bioethicist, views animal research as a form of discrimination and for the most part useless in findings. Singer believes that animals and humans are not very different from each other; hence, asking why not test on humans too if it is okay on animals? On the other hand, R.G. Frey, a professor of philosophy, argues that animal research shouldRead MoreAnimal Experimentation And The Cosmetic Industry And Medical Professions1509 Words   |  7 PagesExperimentally Cruel Animal experimentation has long standing roots in human history, specifically in the cosmetic industry and medical professions. Many could argue that humanity could not have progressed to today’s advancements without a heavy reliance on animal experimentation. There are some notable cases throughout history where such testing was undeniably beneficial, although it could certainly be argued that such methods were not always necessary. With significant advancements in scientific

Emotional Development and Intelligence Management

Question: Discuss about the Emotional Development and Intelligence Management. Answer: Background Organizational Learning is always related to some type of change during the process and many a times the change could be a continual process. Change could involve emotional aspects which are not addressed in a generic context. In this article, the Author, Peter Jordan has explored four main branches emotional intelligence, emotional awareness, emotional facilitation and emotional knowledge related to the emotional regulation in order to identify the relation between organizational learning and emotional intelligence. Aim The aim of the literature review is to produce a report on dealing with Organizational Change with relation to identify the relation between organizational learning and emotional intelligence. The main purpose of this article was also to highlight the importance of taking into account all the emotions which can affect the organizational change and also to offer the Management various methods in which they can address these issues by relating the emotional intelligence abilities (Mayer Salovey 1997). In this regard we would analyse whether Emotional Intelligence would have an impact on the behaviour of the Employees and Managers during the Organizational Change Will there be any implications for the Managers (Mossholder, Settoon,Armenakis Harris 2000) Methodology The Literature Review was conducted by using the standard practices which are useful for conducting a systematic approach by using various sources of data including the research performed by the various Researchers in the fields of Psychology and Emotional Intelligence. Argument and Analysis Peter Jordan has focussed on Organizational Change which has become a constant need for the organizational enhancement in terms of learning. The ability of the Organization to deal with change is also a competitive advantage as per Skinner, Saunder and Thornhill (2002). The Author has conducted an advanced research that change is a process which is emotional and it involves a series of emotions and feelings in the individuals who undergo that specific process. Any type of change requires a micro level management at all stages. Peter has also combined the works of Ashton James Jordan 2004 and Antonacopoulou Gabriel 2001 in terms of conducting research on emotional aspects of a change process. From the works considered, Peter, has highlighted that the Writers have identified that there are emotional consequences involved in an Organizational change process however there is not much research available related to the emotional skills which are required to manage the organizational change in a successful way. There are some writers who have identified ways in which social support could be provided in order to make the change process a lot smoother however it was noticed that this process has seemed like it was a reaction to the issue which existed than a method which could enable the change (Sheehan Jordan 2003). The Author made a smooth transition from the fact of highlighting emotions in the context of organizational change to the impact of emotions on organizational behaviour. Peter has supported his views with those of Ashkanasy Zerbe (2000). The reason behind choosing the above mentioned fact for the research is that the construct of emotional intelligence has been advanced in the recent years and it has provided a edge to the understanding of various aspects of organizational behaviour (Mayer, Salovey Caruso 2000). Strengths Emotional intelligence comes from the understanding of the relationships between people in any context where it could be relationships in life and relationships at work. If a person is balanced and portrays a genuine feeling towards the others he tends to develop a greater level of emotional understanding towards the others (Jordan Troth 2002). These facts have been proven on the basis of a theoretical understanding which is also in agreement with the other emotional intelligence scholars. Individuals with higher levels of emotional intelligence are more effective in terms of managing change than those individuals with lower levels of emotional intellect. These facts were not tested on the individuals in an empirical way by the Emotional Scholars however; Peter has proven an advanced level of research by proving the type of skills which an individual will develop as a result of being emotional intellectual at a higher level. By conducting such a research a thorough empirical investigation is possible in order to conduct an analysis for managing the change in the Organizations. Peter has treated emotion as a force which has to be managed in any Organization during any type of a change implementation. This could be treated as a psychological and sociological approach. Change is proposed only to go for an innovation of a product or a service in order to target an overall growth of the Organization. If the change proposed is tested at this micro point the effects which it would propose at a later stage can also be assessed a head of time which would in turn motivate the Employees to be prepared for change. The recent research which was done on the emotions at a work place include emotions related to emotional intelligence, emotional labour, emotional expressions of various aspects at a work place and organizational culture related issues (Morris Feldman 1996). The emotions which drive the organizational change were also categorised as impulsive behaviour related decisions, people behavioural issues, continuous efforts which were being placed on changing peoples behaviours and work place ethic related issues. These issues have contributed to an extensive research on the impact of the organizational change. In order to support this aspect of the research, Peter has considered the viewpoints of Mayer and Salovey (1997), where they have explained various aspects of emotional intelligence can be related to the behavioural types which can support the learning in an organization. The research was meant to be based on indicating the type of skills which a highly emotional and an intellectual individual would draw and the research was meant to examine the implications for managing change. The disadvantage of the research was it was not streamlined and it did not have a proper structure where it missed out on drawing the skills in specific. Senge (1992) has emphasized on the fact the Organizations are in strong need to get their Employees improve their skills and abilities which comprise of the emotional awareness, emotional intelligence, emotional policies and emotional knowledge. Such statements have been proved with the basis of an example like responding or reacting to a specific situation involves the individuals emotions at that point in time. It is at this point where the person tends to improvise himself by controlling his emotions. By being aware of such emotions the person experiences and expresses the need to be able to speak out his emotions and any of the situations he has been experiencing. There is a thin line of difference which has been highlighted in the journal that a person would be able to be aware of his emotions and would be able to differentiate between the appropriate and inappropriate expressions. Emotional stability is the way in which a person can use his emotions sparingly and can also prioritize on deciding the important of all emotions to exercise. Weaknesses and Recommendations The concepts were a lot based on emotional knowledge and its components where good focus was given to the original lay out of the research where it has intended to be based on drawing out the relation between organizational learning and emotional intelligence. The writer could have elaborated on the skills which are required for a person to be emotionally strong and decide which of them could be enhanced by applying self learning in order to be able to transition through the change process. Conclusion In spite of most of the research work conducted there are good no. of discussions which take place in order to understand the role of emotions through change. Most of the change processes invite negative outcomes and to curb this type of an experience, the Organizations should empower their employees to participate in more of organizational growth events which can motivate them towards a better performance. References Mayer, J. Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence, in P Salovey D. Sluyter (eds)., Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Implications for Educators, basic Books, New York, PP 3 31. Mayer,J D. Salovey, P. Caruso, DR. (2000). Competing Models of Emotional Intelligence, in R Sternberg (ed)., Handbook of Intelligence, Cambridge, New York, PP 396 420 Ashkanasy, NM. Ashton J. CE Jordan, PJ. (2004). Performance impacts of appraisal and coping with stress in the workplace settings: The role of affect and emotional intelligence, in PL Perrewe DC Ganster (eds), Emotional and Psychological Processes and Positive Intervention Strategies, Vol 3, PP 1 43 Floyd, P. (2002). Organizational Change, Capstone, Oxford Senge, P. (1992). The Fifth Discipline, Random House, Milsons Print Sheehan, M. Jordan, PJ. (2000). The antecedents and implications of workplace bullying : A bounded emotionality analysis, paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Association Francophone de Gestion des Resources Humaines Internationalisation of HRM, Paris, November Skinner,D. Saunder, MNK. and Thornhill, A. (2002). Human Resource Management in a changing world, Strategic Change, 11 (7), 341 345 Wong, C. Law, KS. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude : An exploratory study, Leadership Quarterly, 13(3), 243 274

Violence In School Essays - Misconduct, Behavior, Human Behavior

Violence In School http://nces.ed.gov/pubs98/violence/98030001.html Violence and Discipline Problems in U.S. Public Schools: 1996-97 Executive Summary No matter where you are, parents want their students to be safe and secure that might even precede a quality education With drugs, gangs, and guns on the rise in many communities the threat of violence weighs heavily on most principals' minds these daysAnyone who thinks they are not vulnerable is really na?ve. (Principal Michael Durso, Springbrook High School, as quoted in the Washingtonian Magazine, September 1997). Background Recent events have again focused the nation's attention on violence in U.S. public schools, an issue that has generated public concern and directed research for more than two decades.1 Despite long-standing attention to the problem, there is a growing perception that not all public schools are safe places of learning, and media reports highlight specific school-based violent acts. The seventh goal of the National Education Goals states that by the year 2000, all schools in America will be free of drugs and violence and the unauthorized presence of firearms and alcohol, and offer a disciplined environment that is conducive to learning. In response to this goal, the Congress passed the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1994, which provides for support of drug and violence prevention programs. As part of this legislation, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is required to collect data to determine the frequency, seriousness, and incidence of violence in e lementary and secondary schools. NCES responded to this requirement by commissioning a survey, the Principal/School Disciplinarian Survey on School Violence, 1996-97, the results of which are detailed in this report. The school violence survey was conducted with a nationally representative sample of 1,234 regular public elementary, middle, and secondary schools in the 50 states and the District of Columbia in the spring and summer of 1997. The survey requested information on four main topics: ? The incidence of crime and violence that occurred in public schools during the 1996-97 academic year; ? Principals' (or school disciplinarians') perceptions about the seriousness of a variety of discipline issues in their schools; ? The types of disciplinary actions schools took against students for serious offenses; and ? The kinds of security measures and violence prevention programs that were in place in public schools. The types of criminal incidents that schools were asked to report included murder, suicide, rape or other type of sexual battery, assault or fight with a weapon, robbery, assault or fight without a weapon, theft/ larceny, and vandalism. Any effort to quantify the frequency and seriousness of these crimes and violent incidents occurring in public schools will be affected by the way in which the information is collected and reported. Three important aspects of the process that were used to gather the data reported in this publication were: ? ? The survey questions asked, including how the questions were phrased, definitions applied, time span covered, and the context in which they were asked; ? The choice of survey respondent; and ? The survey sample size. The reader should keep these aspects of the survey in mind when comparing results of this particular sample survey with other studies on school crime and violence. The data reported from this study may vary from data reported elsewhere because of differences in definitions, coverage, respondents, and sample. For example, the data reported in this survey describe the number of incidents of crime, not the number of individuals involved in such incidents. It should be noted that an incident could involve more than one individual perpetrator or individual victim. Similarly, an individual perpetrator or victim could be involved in multiple incidents. Key Findings How Serious A Problem Was Crime And Violence In U.S. Public Schools In The 1996-1997 School Year? More than half of U.S. public schools reported experiencing at least one crime incident in school year 1996-97, and 1 in 10 schools reported at least one serious violent crime during that school year (table 7). ? ? Fifty-seven percent of public elementary and secondary school principals reported that one or more incidents of crime/violence that were reported to the police or other law enforcement officials had occurred in their school during the 1996-97 school year. ? Ten percent of all public schools experienced one or more

Emperor Qins Tomb -- Not Just Terracotta Soldiers

Emperor Qin's Tomb Not Just Terracotta Soldiers The exquisite terracotta army of the first Qin Dynasty ruler Shihuangdi represents the emperor’s ability to control the resources of the newly unified China, and his attempt to recreate and maintain that empire in the afterlife. The soldiers are part of Shihuangdis tomb, located near the modern town of Xian, Shaanxi province in China. That, scholars believe, is why he built the army, or rather had them built, and the story of the Qin and his army is a great tale. The Emperor Qin The first emperor of all China was a fellow named Ying Zheng, born in 259 BC during the Warring States Period, a chaotic, fierce, and dangerous time in Chinese history. He was a member of the Qin dynasty, and ascended to the throne in 247 BC at the age of twelve and a half. In 221 BC King Zheng united all of what is now China and renamed himself Qin Shihuangdi (First Heavenly Emperor of Qin), although ‘united’ is rather a tranquil word to be using for the bloody conquest of the region’s small polities. According to the Shi Ji records of the Han dynasty court historian Sima Qian, Qin Shihuangdi was a phenomenal leader, who began connecting existing walls to create the first version of the Great Wall of China; constructed an extensive network of roads and canals throughout his empire; standardized philosophy, law, written language and money; and abolished feudalism, establishing in its place provinces run by civilian governors. Qin Shihuangdi died in 210 BC, and the Qin dynasty was quickly extinguished within a few years by the early rulers of the subsequent Han dynasty. But, during the brief period of Shihuangdi’s rule, a remarkable testament to his control of the countryside and its resources was constructed: a semi-subterranean mausoleum complex, which included an estimated army of 8,000 life-size sculpted clay terracotta soldiers, chariots, and horses. Shihuangdis Necropolis: Not Just Soldiers The terracotta soldiers are only a part of the vast mausoleum project, covering an area of some 30 square kilometers (11.5 square miles). In the middle of the precinct is the still-unexcavated tomb of the king, 500x500 meters (1640x1640 feet) square and covered by an earthen mound some 70 m (230 ft) high. The tomb lies within a walled precinct, measuring 2,100x975 m (6,900x3,200 ft), which protected administrative buildings, horse stables and cemeteries. Within the central precinct were found 79 pits with burial goods, including ceramic and bronze sculptures of cranes, horses, chariots; stone-carved armor for humans and horses; and human sculptures that archaeologists have interpreted as representing officials and acrobats. The three pits containing the now-famous terracotta army are located 600 m (2,000 ft) east of the mausoleum precinct, in a farm field where they were re-discovered by a well-digger in the 1920s. Those pits are three out of at least 100 others within an area measuring 5x6 kilometers (3x3.7 miles). Other pits identified to date include the tombs of craftspeople, and a subterranean river with bronze birds and terracotta musicians. Despite nearly constant excavation since 1974, there are still large areas as yet unexcavated. According to Sima Qian, construction on the mausoleum precinct began shortly after Zheng became king, in 246 BC, and it continued until about a year after he died. Sima Qian also describes the demolition of the central tomb in 206 BC by Xiang Yus rebel army, who burned it and looted the pits. Pit Construction Four pits were excavated to hold the terracotta army, although only three were filled by the time construction ceased. The construction of the pits included excavation, placement of a brick floor, and construction of a sequence of rammed earth partitions and tunnels. The floors of the tunnels were covered with mats, the life-sized statuary was placed erect on the mats and the tunnels were covered with logs. Finally each pit was buried. In Pit 1, the largest pit (14,000 square meters or 3.5 acres), the infantry was placed in rows four deep. Pit 2 includes a U-shaped layout of chariots, cavalry and infantry; and Pit 3 contains a command headquarters. About 2,000 soldiers have been excavated so far; archaeologists estimate that there are over 8,000 soldiers (infantry to generals), 130 chariots with horses, and 110 cavalry horses. Continuing Excavations Chinese excavations have been conducted at Shihuangdi’s mausoleum complex since 1974, and have included excavations in and around the mausoleum complex; they continue to reveal astonishing findings. As archaeologist Xiaoneng Yang describes Shihuangdi’s mausoleum complex, â€Å"Ample evidence demonstrates the First Emperor’s ambition: not only to control all aspects of the empire during his lifetime but to recreate the entire empire in microcosm for his after- life.† Please see the slide show on the terracotta soldiers for more information on the soldiers and artifacts found within the Qins mausoleum. Sources Bevan A, Li X, Martinà ³n-Torres M, Green S, Xia Y, Zhao K, Zhao Z, Ma S, Cao W, and Rehren T. 2014. Computer vision, archaeological classification and Chinas terracotta warriors. Journal of Archaeological Science 49:249-254. Bonaduce I, Blaensdorf C, Dietemann P, and Colombini MP. 2008. The binding media of the polychromy of Qin Shihuangs Terracotta Army. Journal of Cultural Heritage 9(1):103-108. Hu W, Zhang K, Zhang H, Zhang B, and Rong B. 2015. Analysis of polychromy binder on Qin Shihuangs Terracotta Warriors by immunofluorescence microscopy. Journal of Cultural Heritage 16(2):244-248. Hu Y-Q, Zhang Z-L, Bera S, Ferguson DK, Li C-S, Shao W-B, and Wang Y-F. 2007. What can pollen grains from the Terracotta Army tell us? Journal of Archaeological Science 34:1153-1157. Kesner L. 1995. Likeness of No One: (Re)presenting the First Emperors Army. The Art Bulletin 77(1):115-132. Li R, and Li G. 2015. Provenance study of the terracotta army of Qin Shihuangs mausoleum by fuzzy cluster analysis. Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2015:2-2. Li XJ, Bevan A, Martinà ³n-Torres M, Rehren TH, Cao W, Xia Y, and Zhao K. 2014. Crossbows and imperial craft organisation: the bronze triggers of Chinas Terracotta Army. Antiquity 88(339):126-140. Li XJ, Martinà ³n-Torres M, Meeks ND, Xia Y, and Zhao K. 2011. Inscriptions, filing, grinding and polishing marks on the bronze weapons from the Qin Terracotta Army in China. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(3):492-501. Liu Z, Mehta A, Tamura N, Pickard D, Rong B, Zhou T, and Pianetta P. 2007. Influence of Taoism on the invention of the purple pigment used on the Qin terracotta warriors. Journal of Archaeological Science 34(11):1878-1883. Martinon-Torres M. 2011. Making Weapons for the Terracotta Army. Archaeology International 13:67-75. Wei S, Ma Q, and Schreiner M. 2012. Scientific investigation of the paint and adhesive materials used in the Western Han dynasty polychromy terracotta army, Qingzhou, China. Journal of Archaeological Science 39(5):1628-1633.

State of Texas economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

State of Texas economic - Essay Example Governor Perry regards the focus on these industries as a significant economic strategy (texaswideopenforbusiness). They key industries are advanced technology and manufacturing; aerospace, aviation and defense, biotechnology and life science, information and computer technology; petroleum refining and chemical products; and energy (texaswideopenforbusiness). Economies suffer considerably at the hands of, lacking skilled force (Powell and Lindsay 2). World Bank declared that the factors leading to the high pace of economic growth and development of the ‘tiger economies’ is sustained productivity, technological investment, and human resource investment on continuous basis (Powell and Lindsay 2). Texas has a work force commission known as TWC. TWC is a commission for the employers and helps them in refining and upgrading the skills of their employees and work force (texaswideopenforbusiness). The programs that TWC employs are; skill development, apprenticeship, on job training and literacy education to help employees developing their skills better and further and increase their productivity (texaswideopenforbusiness). Texas has an infrastructure that is considered business friendly. It provides and maintains up to the standard modern transportation facilities and logistical advantages (texaswideopenforbusiness). Texas provides business support by providing state-of-the-art land, air and sea transportation means; such infrastructure lends support to businesses and allows them to access national and international markets in time (texaswideopenforbusiness). Texas also has modern energy provision systems, like wind farms, nuclear power, and coal power, all contributing to the developing businesses and people of Texas

Assignment two Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Two - Assignment Example The Salem village from which the witchcraft was mostly practiced happened to be causing a lot of problems to the colonists. The village was in constant rebellion with the colonists (Yarema 53). There were various political, economic and religious reasons why European groups migrated to America. Some wanted to expand their territories. Some migrated to America seeking for religious freedom while others migrated into America in search of raw materials and markets for their companies (McCullough 112). Many visitors took advantage of the fact that many natives were not united and this made their colonization process easier. Indentured servants were people who agreed to work with no pay for other people. This agreement would be entered to incase the person owed a debt to another person. The person in debt would agree to work for the other individual for a period of time in order to settle the debt. However, indentured servants had basic civil rights and were considered to be free by the law. Slaves on the hand had no basic rights and were considered to be personal property of their owners (Tomek

Human Atrocities Essay Example for Free

Human Atrocities Essay In the age of terrorism and nuclear wars, one of the greatest challenges that the human community is facing right now is to curb human rights violations that is occurring in almost all parts of the world. Even the citizens of the most democratic of nations are not spared from a certain degree of human rights violations or atrocities. This is a fact that all citizens of the world must face and bravely address. But the bigger question is this: who is responsible to curb human atrocities? More specifically, what can the international and local community do to intervene in such atrocities? To answer these questions, I believe we must first arrive at a definition of human rights violations or atrocities. According to Wikipedia, human rights refers to the universal rights of all human beings regardless of race, color, nationality, religion gender and culture. From the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it is basically based on inherent human dignity. Concurrently, human atrocities are violations of rights inherent to an individual. Normally, it is a term used when a government violates national or international law related to the protection of human rights. (Wikipedia, 2007) I am of the opinion that the international community has an inherent responsibility to stand up against any form of human rights abuse. International courts such as the International Criminal Court and international organizations such as the United Nations must be vigilant in protecting the rights of each human being. They must be the first to safeguard the interest of each person against any crime that may be done against them by either the military in their respective government or their government per se. For instance, the International Criminal Court is designed to bring into effect those peremptory norms of international law which safeguard such fundamental values as human dignity, the respect for life and limb of innocent persons, and the protection of ethnic, religious or racial groups. (Cassesse, 2007) In addition, the International Criminal Court must bring to justice any state which violates the dignity of its citizens. Doing so will uphold the most important international values, including the respect for human rights. Moreover, taking these steps will uphold and vindicate community rights. International non-governmental organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch is an indication of what the international community can do in order to help curb the rise of human atrocities in any country. They have the resources to let the international community know of any wrongdoings being done in certain areas of the world. They can mobilize other local organizations to stand up against these atrocities by mobilizing public opinion. For instance, Amnesty International has worked and is further exerting its efforts for the protection of those detained because of their non-violent opinions and is seeking that Articles 18 and 19 of the UDHR be recognized globally. On the other hand, Human Rights Watch opposes basic human rights violations like death penalty and sex discrimination. It is an advocate of freedom relating to fundamental human rights like freedom of religion and the press. Another significant player in the bid to curb human atrocities is the local community. One cannot overemphasize on the power of the locals to intervene in such problems. Setting up international organizations will not solve the problems that are festering a country. Healing must come from within. The local community must always be on the look-out for any atrocities being done and must bravely report this to the authorities. As noted in the website of the Crimes of War Project, each international institution will need the support and cooperation of other institutions and, most significantly, of States themselves and local communities for that matter. For example, local community can be a source of vital information related to the patterns and mechanisms of the problems in the community that can help solve an international crisis. (Cassesse, 2007) I also believe that the power of media can be best utilized in addressing the realities of human rights violations. Since the media can effectively capture the attention of many people, the local and international media should make it their responsibility to report any news of wrongdoings or injustice. (Cassesse, 2007) This will also help in making each community –whether local or international—to be more vigilant in such cases. It must be understood that the measures to be taken by the international community will have no significant bearing without the support of the local community. No amount of intervention will be effective if the local community will not render its support. As noted by Antonio Cassesse in an article entitled â€Å"A Big Step Forward for International Justice†, the best response to atrocities lies in a prudent and well thought-out combination of various approaches both local and international. (Cassesse, 2007) He writes, â€Å"international criminal law is a branch of law that, more than any other, is about human folly, human wickedness, and human aggressiveness. It deals with the darkest side of our nature. It also deals with the way societies organize themselves to stem violence and viciousness as much as possible. Clearly, given the magnitude of the task, no single response may suffice. Instead, a broad array of responses, each tailored to specific circumstances, is needed effectively to fight international criminality. † (Cassesse, 2007) Hence, intervention of human atrocities is both a local and international responsibility –one that must be taken seriously and diligently by all societies in the world. Cited Works Cassesse, Antonio. crimesofwar. org. â€Å"A Big Step Forward for International Justice. † 7 March 2007. http://www. crimesofwar. org/icc_magazine/icc-cassese. html Wikipedia. â€Å"Human Rights. † 7 March 2007. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Human_rights#Violations_of_human_rights