Comparitive Analyis: Jefferson versus Hamilton Essay -- Politics Alexa

Though both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson served as members of President Washington’s cabinet, the two held very different views on the newly founded U.S. government, interpretation of its constitution, and the role of the â€Å"masses† in that government. These conflicting views would develop in two political parties, the Federalists led by Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans led by Jefferson. Although both political parties presented enticing aspects, Hamilton’s views were much more reasonable and fruitful when compared Jefferson’s views; idealistic and too strict in reference to the constitution. Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, strongly opposed America becoming a land of cities, mines, mills, factories, and other industrial plantations. To support their ideas for a country of farmers, they adopted the theory of strict constructionism. This theory put forth the thought that the government did not have the power to do anything, unless it was expressly given the consent by the Constitution. Federalists, on the other hand, promoted the growth of industry in America. This party, lead by Alexander Hamilton, used the idea of broad constructionism. It said that unless the Constitution said it could not be done, it was fine to go ahead and do it. They often referred to the Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the Elastic Clause; this stated that the government had the power to pass any law deemed â€Å"necessary and proper.† These two ideas...

Critique Nursing

Essay preview The purpose of this assignment is to critique and evaluate the chosen article in terms of strengths and weaknesses, to demonstrate an understanding of the research process. According to Polit and Beck (2004) the aim of critically appraising an article is an attempt to determine its strengths and limitations. Therefore, the research critique should reflect an objective and balanced consideration of the study's validity and significance (Polit and Hungler 1999). The task of critiquing is, according to Lo Biondo-Wood and Harber (2006) a challenging one and can only be effectively achieved through much practice and skill.For the purpose of this critique, the frameworks of Parahoo (1997) and Polit and Hungler (1999) have been used as a guide. This will assist in producing an organised sub-headed piece of work. Title The title of an article is the first part of a study to be encountered and Parahoo (1997) states that a title should draw the reader's attention to the precise a rea of study and make reference to the population from whom the data is collected. Cormack (2000) and Marshall and Kelly (2007) agree, stating a title should be concise and reflect the content of the study.The chosen article is titled ‘Perceived barriers and facilitators to implementing research findings in the Irish practice setting'. This title utilised by Glacken and Chaney is concise, consisting of 13 words in bold print. Rumrill et al (2000) state that a standard length title is 12 – 15 words. However, the title does not reflect the population of the sample group i. e. Registered Nurses. Although the title still provides insight into what the article is trying to accomplish. Author(s) According to Cormack (2000) researchers must be qualified to commence a esearch study. The researchers qualification and credentials in the article are clearly stated and easy to find. They both have initials after their names, one of which has a PHD, which indicate that they have an educational background. A search using Glacken and Chaney using the ProQuest database identifies several published articles by Glacken. According to Lo Biondo-Wood and Harber (2002) this enhances the credibility of a study placing confidence in the findings. The article was submitted for publication on the 1st July 2003 and was accepted on the 9th January 2004.This illustrates that it was still relevantly recent and not dated when published which could have posed questions regarding validity and reliability. â€Å"The Journal of Clinical Nursing† has published the article. This also adds to the credibility of the research study, as all published articles are double bind peer reviewed. Abstract The purpose of the abstract is to provide a short comprehensive synopsis of an article (Rumrill et al 2000). According to Parahoo (1997) it should quickly focus the reader's attention on the main points of the study.Langford (2001) also states that a well-presented abstract should be ac curate, self-contained and readable. This abstract gives a brief summary of the study and within the first few lines identifies what the study is trying to achieve – to ascertain what registered nurses perceive as barriers to the utilisation of research findings and discover what they perceive would facilitate the implementation of these findings. The remainder of the abstract provides a summary of approach (cross-sectional survey), the population (registered nurses) and overall findings.One limitation noted is that the researchers do not give the exact sample size in the abstract. By reading this summary it is believed that the reader would be able to make an informed choice about the relevance of the article for their purpose. The keywords used within the abstract were – barriers, clinical practice, facilitators, Republic of Ireland, utilisation. It is vital that researchers choose appropriate keywords for their articles in order to aid literature searching through d atabases (Webb 2005).The keywords used by Glacken and Chaney are all relevant to the research study. Introduction The purpose of the introductory section is to clearly identify the problem and give a rationale for the study been carried out (Cormack 2000). Poilt and Hungler (1999) agree by stating that the introduction should explain the research problem and why the study is important, worthwhile and relevant. Russell (2004) also states that the introduction should thoroughly describe the background of the research problem so that the need for the study is apparent.The introduction given by Glacken and Chaney builds a cause from existing literature that the problem is of adequate value to justify further research. The author of this critique believes the research problem is in the last sentence of the introduction. It states that there are many difficulties involved in achieving evidence – based practice and many barriers that may impede research utilisation. If this is in fa ct the research problem, the researchers comply with Russell's (2004) recommendation that the research problem should flow directly from the introduction and conclude this section.However one would feel that this introduction deals more with the importance of research rather than explaining that the remainder of the article will focus on the barriers that impede research. According to Cormack (2000) an introduction should also state the study's limitations. This particular introduction does not make the study's limitations explicit to the reader. Literature Review/Background According to Parahoo (1997) a literature review serves to put the current study into the context of what is already known about the subject.Cormack (2000) states that the literature review is a critical review of previous literature relating to the research topic. Therefore this section aims to provide the reader with an understanding of what the current state of evidence is in the selected area of study. This r eview is organised by heading that correspond to the key study concepts, which makes the review easy to follow. The researchers attempt to review previous studies relating to the topic, thus preparing the ground for new research. The studies presented highlight the significance of the problem under investigation.It was difficult to identify the exact research question, as there was no definite question asked. Although Valente (2003) states that sometimes researchers may hide the research question within the purpose of the study. The final statement of the literature review is therefore the purpose of this study – ‘it is timely that perceived barriers†¦ are identified and acknowledged'. Therefore as you read the review it moves from broad to specific relevance with the last section of the review clearly outlining the need for the study. Due to the article been published in 2004, it is expected that the references used will be relevantly recent.From reading the refer ence list, it can be seen that this is the case and only three references before 1994 have been used. There was a need for these older references as the original author who employed the Barriers scale did so in 1991 and the purpose of the 1978 reference was to illustrate that access to research reports has been a problem for many years. Also noted is that the articles included in the reference list are clearly related to the topic under study and include international resources, all nursing – related. http://repository. uwc. ac. a/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10566/308/RoweBlendedLearning2012. pdf? sequence=3 Method According to Polit and Hungler (1999) the heart of the research critique is the analysis of the methodology decisions adopted in addressing the research question. Cormack (2000) suggests the method section should clearly state the research approach to be used and asks whether the method is appropriate to the research problem and whether the strengths and limitations of the approach are stated. Although not written in text it is clearly pointed out that the article is of a quantitative approach.Burns and Groves (1997) describe quantitative research as a method used to gain more information, test relationships and uses numeric data to answer problems. In reviewing the methodology section which is under the subheading â€Å"Methods†, the researchers clearly demonstrate that the design method is a cross – sectional survey using a non – probability sample. According to Polit and Hungler (1999) a cross – sectional design involves the collection of data at one point in time. This descriptive study uses the established 29 – item Barriers 5 point Likert scale, after firstly gaining permission from the main author to employ the instrument – S.Funk. Therefore a strength of this article is related to the measurement tool. The researchers used an already developed measurement device in which the reliability of the tool would have been determined. They reinforce this fact by saying that the scale is recognised to be psychometrically robust. A further quantitative research tool – a questionnaire, was selected as the method to solicit opinions regarding the barriers to research. Cormack (2000) believes that questionnaires are the most widely used method of collecting data.However he recognises that if participants are aware that they are partaking in a study, it is natural that they might alter their response – the Hawthorne Effect (Cormack 2000). The researchers do not state how they minimised this Hawthorne Effect. In addition to the questionnaire, a demographic information sheet was utilised. This is in line with a descriptive design, as the purpose of such is to gain more information about the characteristics of a group (Vitale 2003). The research participants were a convenience sample of registered nurses who enrolled in a nursing focused academic course in Trinity College, Dublin .All who enrolled were invited to participate in the study. However the recruitment process is not described in much detail. It is not until the Findings section that the size of the sample is revealed – 169 participants responded. According to Thompson (1999) the sample size in quantitative research is preferably a large sample. Vitale (2003) states that the general rule regarding sample size is ‘sample error decreases as sample size increases'. It is harder to generalise a sample of this size. It is recognised by the researchers in the Discussion section that the particular mode of sampling employed may introduce bias into the findings.This may result in the findings becoming less reliable. A limitation noted in the method design used by the researchers was the lack of an explicit framework. The researchers did not identify if they used one. When researching the other studies that used the Barriers scale the vast majority used a framework. Ethical Consideration Ethics is an important part of nursing and nursing research. It is about researchers doing what is fair, decent and moral and is underpinned by values and believes of the community (Crookes and Davies 2004).There is no designated section allocated to ethical considerations, however Hek (1996) states that ethical issues may be integrated throughout the article. This article addresses ethical issues in both the abstract and under the method section. The researchers clarify that the ethical issues of a persons right not to be harmed, right of full disclosure, right of self-determination, right of privacy and confidentiality were respected. According to the researcher all participants provided their consent to the study by the returning of the completed questionnaire.Consent is vital as it respects the autonomy of individuals, their right to privacy and their right to choose (Tingle and Cribb 2002). Results Cormack (2000) states that the results should be presented clearly and in enough detai l so that the reader is able to judge how reliable the findings are. Polit and Beck (2004) agree by stating that the most critical element of any study is getting your results across and understood by your readers. Valente (2003) believes that the researchers should repeat the research question before delving into the findings.The researchers in this case presented the data in succinct form with little discussion at the start, but organise their findings under subheadings. According to Russell (2004) researchers frequently organise their findings by research question to facilitate readability. The aim was to quantify the barriers to research implementation. The authors of this article present their findings systematically, utilising a variety of graphs and tables. Figure 1 shows a graph depicting that 38% of the participants consulted journals more than twice a month.Table 1 presents the barriers to research utilisation in descending order of importance. Results were also explained and summarised alongside which according to Clifford (1997) is a form of descriptive statistics. According to Russell (2004) if a descriptive design was used the reader should find descriptive statistics such as mean, mode, median and standard deviation. All these statistics are included within the results section. The target audience (professional nurses) are more than likely to be able to interpret the figures within each table and, thus, judge hoe reliable the results are.It is important that results are presented in such a way that they are clearly understood (Cormack 2000). Parahoo (1997) is an advocate of comparing results with other similar studies. The researchers adopted this style and compared the top 10 barriers with those found in three recent studies (Table 3). The researchers showed their findings to be very similar with the studies undertaken in both Northern Ireland and Australia. Discussion/Conclusion The discussion section should flow from the data results and plac e the study's findings in context with what is already known (Parahoo 1997).Valente (2003) believes that under this section the researchers should summarise their major findings and conclude their application to practice, research, and theory and knowledge development. The researchers state that this section will discuss the findings in comparison with other studies undertaken. Valente (2003) states that author(s) should compare and contrast their results with other studies and interpret the findings. The discussion is unambiguous and supported by the results obtained. Again the researchers used subheadings to ease readability. There are many implications to practice identified by the researchers.According to Valente (2003) implications should describe how the results of the study could be applied to nursing practice. For example the researchers discovered that their study and many other studies identified nurses' perceived lack of authority as the most common barrier to research. T herefore they exposed a need to implement some change into the organisational setting. Also, more support from managers was noted to be the top ranked facilitator of research implementation. The researchers also suggest a further research study, which would explore the reasons why nurses do not access research journals on a regular basis. General ImpressionOverall the article was interesting with clear aims and use of methodology. It was quite simple to interpret and has provided interesting fact regarding this topic. The study contains few flaws and represents a valid example of descriptive quantitative research. The results have addressed the aims of the study and are both informative and descriptive. It is recommended that it should contain a section of ethical consideration however the ethical issues are evident throughout the article. In the introduction the article stresses the importance of research in nursing and health care. This builds a good case for continuing the study. Research is an essential part of every nurse's role. But as this study revealed there are many barriers for nurses to overcome to properly utilise and implement research. This study has brought these barriers to the foreground and identified ways to overcome them. The findings were interesting, although it might become more reliable if the study was replicated using a larger, random sample group. The top ranked barrier to research utilisation was surprising to read, as it was made known to be nurses' perceived lack of authority. The article was very good overall and a lot of interesting facts emerged from the study. References

Analysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell - 1029 Words

The novel 1984, written by George Orwell, depicts a horrendous future in which the citizens of the tyrannous state of Oceania live under unceasing surveillance. The mysterious character of Big Brother serves as the leader of this dystopian society while members of the Party work for total power over the general public. Telescreens are installed in every room for constant investigation, language is continuously modified, and extreme actions are made in order to achieve the end goal of absolute control over a mindless public. Orwell uses this novel to show that this way of living could become a reality within the near future. The degradation of language, methods of physical control, continuous surveillance of innocent people, and manipulation of history are all actions used in the novel which are being implemented in our culture today, showing the possibility of America soon becoming a place like Oceania. The right to free speech is a pressing issue in both 1984 as well as in real life . In the fictional state of Oceania, the everyday language is called Newspeak. Instead of trying to expand people’s vocabulary, â€Å"the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought† (Orwell 52). The government seeks to limit the amount of words people can use, thus limiting people’s knowledge, making it harder for one to express their feelings. Similar to 1984, â€Å"a majority of colleges have rules in place severely restricting free speech on campus† (Kingkade). This issue was made evidentShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1362 Words   |  6 PagesKathie Tejada Professor Antonio Tomà ¡s Guerrero Dà ­az COLI 214B 1984 This novel, 1984, is a dystopia and takes place in Oceania where people live in a totalitarian society. The author, George Orwell, wrote this as if he was looking into the future and what it was going to turn in to. This group of people, called The Party, have control over everything and everyone, and they have a leader, known as Big Brother, who is everywhere throughout the novel and the people look up to him. They invented a languageRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1084 Words   |  5 Pages1984 was written by British author George Orwell. The main character is an average man by the name of Winston Smith. Winston does not agree with the ideals of the party; this gets him arrested by the thought police. 1984 proclaims what could happen if people just let the government do all their thinking for them. 1.In the world of 1984, what is considered orthodox is not the same as the actual world. In the book in order to be considered orthodox one must never question the party or have any individualRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1493 Words   |  6 Pagessteadily bringing us closer to the world of Big Brother because the government has the ability to collect information from devices that are constantly being in use such as cell phones, televisions, and computers without our consent. In the book entitled 1984, George Orwell reveals how Oceania was a world where no one could be trusted; an action as simple as thinking was considered a violation of the law and you could be arrested for it. Individuals were living in a society where their own thoughts, evenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1288 Words   |  6 PagesControlled freedom Present day society is very much like society in the book 1984. Although, some of the procedures have diminished slightly, they still do exist, and are still current in today’s society. it’s a shame that most people fail to see that our â€Å"free† nation is actually still controlled. we are being manipulated in such a manner that we do not see by propaganda, media, lies, and yes even torture. Many citizens can say that here in America we are free nation or have freedom, but do weRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1088 Words   |  5 Pages1984 The book that I chose for my first book report was 1984 by George Orwell. The story begins by introducing a man named, Winston Smith, a simple man from the country known as Oceania. He lives in a small flat within London, on the Island known as Airstrip One. Winston is a part of the outer party, which is a part of the ruling party within Oceania, and is a low ranking member who works for the Ministry of Truth as a propaganda officer. The people of the ruling party are constantly being watchedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell968 Words   |  4 PagesThe book, 1984 by George Orwell, is about the external and internal conflicts that take place between the two main characters, Winston and Big Brother and how the two government ideas of Democracy and totalitarianism take place within the novel. Orwell wrote the novel around the idea of communism/totalitarianism and how society would be like if it were to take place. In Orwell’s mind democracy and communism cre ated two main characters, Winston and Big Brother. Big Brother represents the idea ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1253 Words   |  6 Pagesno point of trying to live a regular life. In the book 1984 by George Orwell nearly everyone in the book is brainwashed and given a lot of false information. Winston and other characters only provide a little bit of hope. With a little bit of hope in the brainwashed world there is still absolutely no chance for any recovery unless the upper management screws up. This hope provides nearly no chance of humanity going back to normal. In the book, 1984, Big Brother is watching over everyone at all timesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell2321 Words   |  10 Pagespossible crime, thoughtcrime. In the novel â€Å"1984†, by George Orwell, Winston Smith rebelles passively against the idea of living in a complete uniform world under Big Brother’s dreadful surveillance. Thought crime’s impact on the novel’s population is devastating, so much so that it is somewhat hard to picture today’s society in its place. The sad reality is that thoughtcrime does impact the lives of the people in today’s society to some extent as it does in the book. The level of punishment for such a crimeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1092 Words   |  5 Pages and opinions of its citizens; therefore removing the difference between state and society. The goal of a totalitarian government is to replace the existing society with a perfect one. In the novel â€Å"1984† by George Orwell, Big Brother is a dominant figure in the ways which he controls Oceania. Orwell portrays a society with a government that oversees and influences each facet of human life to the point that even having an unfaithful thought that is in disagreement with the law is forbidden. Big BrotherRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell930 Words   |  4 Pages The book 1984 was filled with constant rebellion from one individual known as Winston Smith who does not believe in the â€Å"Party† and would much rather join the â€Å"Brotherhood† where he can oppose the Party. While in Divergent, Beatrice Prior is loyal and compliant with her government until she learns that she is a rare type of human known as a divergent and poses a threat to her government. These two stories while incredibly different have many similarities as well. Both stories are about people trying

Depression in Women - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1553 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2018/12/19 Category Health Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Depression Essay Risk Essay Women Essay Did you like this example? Introduction on the article synthesis paper: An article synthesis paper is meant to put across an understanding on the topic of question. This is intended to provide a general understanding on the selected topics as well as review papers which will as result provide the researcher with a solid background of how the review should be done in a normal way. In this synthesis paper I have selected four articles to write a synthesis based on the reviewed articles The first article I chose was on Earlier stress exposure and subsequent major depression in aging women and it is an international journal reviewed by Sabrina L. Jenkins. The objective of this paper to finds out three major aspects of stressors in young women.The journal speaks about how the middle-aged women suffer from major depression disorders or what is considered to be a clinical depression. It states that women who do not have these symptoms at an early stage can experienced the syndrome at an age of menopause. Alternatively, it can also relate to Normanton stressors. The research was conducted to find out an estimation of the effects of stressors longitudinally on the subsequent women average of 60. The research also exposes an attempt to explore as well as find a determination of if there is any problem on exposure to stressors in a woman early life and distance major disorder. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Depression in Women" essay for you Create order To be more specific, the paper finds out three major aspects of stressors in young women. The first aspect is whether stressors in early life evocate women risks for attainingmajor depression at an old age. Secondly: what early life stressors if there exist any would distance MDD on aging female gender? Finally, what is the importance of strategies that are implied for identification, prevention and treatment of those risks for MDD. The focus of the journal is on the implication and how the management of the stress throughout life would lead to improvement for aging women. After carrying out an experiment, the researcher realizes that there are several indicators of depression. The study presents these indicators based on the clinical perspectives or clinical major depression disorders. The procedure used is set on the depression, mood, or even loss of interest in or enjoyment in vital things. After meeting certain criteria which was provided by the researcher, the paper presents a finding of 565 women with a mean age of 60 that early life stressor such as increase in marital problems. The issue may increase the risk of future diagnosis of MDD AS AGING occurs. It was noted that an increase in NLE will automatically double the increases in trajectory in stressors and to lesser extend an early high significant odds for the late life MDD. In conclusion, the article presents the negative effect of high stressors in which youths may elevate chance of getting MDD as women age implies that stress is accumulation of land without, prevention and treatment of aging women. The second article reviewed is by Kase, chen and cohen reviewed in 2010. The article objective is: to expose stressor and subsequent depression in aging women. The article gives a confirmation that most women at earlystage experience abuse in one way or another. The researcher collected data through the Unitedstates department of health and tried to find out how this type of stress acquired at an early marriage stage can affect women. The paper showed that 13% of the women were verbally abused and 9.6% were physically abused and the rest were sexually abused. It clearly shows that the abuse are experience while at early stage of life and this caused a very different and negative results when an individual grows old. There is a considerable association between the anxiety and depression and this was severally examined and similar results produced which looked at the sample of considered results to be the same. According to the paper, one should come to a realization that early child a buse makes one more vulnerable to depression at any particular time when the individual is confronted with the stressors in life. For this reason, it is true that one correct for one to have a consideration that when the stress comes early in life, it will be related to child abuse at some point in life. The paper puts three most important questions into discussion: The first question is whether the stressors are experienced during early life in the staged of life and more specifically a woman can the changes for major depression disorders during and after her experience. The second is what might be the identification, prevention and treatment for the number of chances that are associated with the individual to suffer major depression disorders clinical disorder. The main focus of this study is basically on the implication of the stressors and how managing this stressor can be difficult but of importance in aging women. The study undergoes through several stages of data collection several discussions and presents its finding on the effect and influential result of early child abuse in association to how women get abused in at anearlystage of life. In conclusion, the study clearly indicates that theearlychildhood or women early marriage abuse can last for a lifetime. It is however important to sue to understand the prevalence of this situation (Kasen et al.,2008). The situation reduces as people get old in life. To connect the first article and the second article, it is noticeable there is a relationship that exist between the onset of depression and the early childhood abuse of the old women who are between the age of 60-93. Unlike the first paper, the article reminds that the future study should put into consideration the involvement of a larger group in order to improve the quality of the results. The third article to be considered in on American journal of public health titled: Depression in Adult Women: Age changes and cohort effects. The articles objective is to find out the rate at which the women get depression and disorders. The article reports that the rate at which women get depression and disorders has arisenstately with no formal consent or explanation. It reveals the researchers who have come up with some proposed explanation for the trend and such a pattern. Some researcher has even argued that the stress is due to the sudden change of roles. The other researchers have cited this from the limitation of study, which has caused the lack of giving specific statistics. The study focus on the issue of distinguishing age and cohort and their association with depression. The paper used the statics data that was collected and analysed. The scores for this is depression were regression of data cohorts and age. The scores for the previous year were also used. It is evidence from the study that real life situationand the current women of the same birth rate has drastically increased the level of depression simply because the model. This level of depression is basically witnessed to be reducing as women get older and as role shift lessen. From this form of statistics, the health sector could also use this data to come up with health policy and social programs which will help the young women manage the level of stress in their lives and help in overcoming the collective effect of depression at their old age. The fourth article in this paper is on depression in adult as a risk factor: The objective of the article is to consider the important of risk factor in women depression and the effect of women youractivities on the old stage. This means that not all women at the old stage cantcope up with some situation in the lifetime. The article raises the question of what leads to older adult women to become depressed. It presents some schoolsfinding on structural changes on the brain. It states that it has found that those with depression are most likely to have a vascular risk factors including the history of cerebralassociated disorders which is also supported by the research (Kasen et al.,2011). It concludes that depression in older women can be understood from a lifespan diathesis stress perspective. The risks and proactive factor normally becomes less prominent in the middle of the depression as they change more periodically and more frequently. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of the four articles provide a similar concept on the cause and effect of depression in older women. They both present the health and risk factor on the women who experience gender violence and presented a certain rate of gender violence factors. References: Ahamed, M., Alhadlaq, H. A., Khan, M. A., Karuppiah, P., Al-Dhabi, N. A. (2014).Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles.? Journal of Nanomaterials,? 2014, 17. Kasen, S., Kohen, P., Chen, H., Catille, D. (2011).Depression in Adult Women: Age changes and cohort effects.American Journal of Public Health93(12) Retrieved from Kasen, S., Chen, H., Sneed, J. R., Cohen, P. (2010). Earlier stress exposure and subsequent major depression in aging women. International journal of geriatric psychiatry,? 25(1), 91-99. Kasen, S., Chen, H., Sneed, J., Cohen, P. (2008). Earlier stress exposure and subsequent major depression in aging women. The International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(1) 17-27. Dasgupta, N. P., Sun, J., Liu, C., Brittman, S., Andrews, S. C., Lim, J., Yang, P. (2014). 25th anniversary article: semiconductor nanowires–synthesis, characterization, and applications.? Advanced Materials,? 26(14), 2137-2184.

Feminist Theory - 1248 Words

Feminism refers to political, cultural, and economic movements aimed at establishing greater rights, legal protection for women, and or womens liberation. It includes some of the sociological theories and philosophies concerned with issues of gender difference. Nancy Cott defines feminism as the belief in the importance of gender equality, invalidating the idea of gender hierarchy as a socially constructed concept. Feminism has earned itself a bad reputation, but it never undermined gender differences that exist between males and females. A man can never be as good a mother as a female can. Similarly, a woman can never be as good a father as a male can. While accepting these anatomical and physiological differences between the two†¦show more content†¦They challenge the assumption that gender oppression is the primary force of patriarchy. They object to portrayals of women of non-Western societies as passive and voiceless victims and the portrayal of Western women as modern, educated, and empowered. Today, they struggle to fight gender oppression within their own cultural models of society rather than through those imposed by the Western colonizers. They, thus, react against both universalizing tendencies in Western feminist thought and a lack of attention to gender issues in mainstream postcolonial thought. Some postcolonial feminists, such as Chandra Talpade Mohanty and Black feminists, such as Angela Davis and Alice Walker, are critical of Western feminism for being ethnocentric. Chandra Talpade Mohanty criticizes Western feminism on the ground that it does not take into account the unique experiences of women from third-world countries or the existence of feminisms indigenous to third-world countries. This discourse is strongly related to African feminism and is also associated with concepts such as black feminism, womanism, Africana womanism, motherism, Stiwanism, negofeminism, chicana feminism, and femalism. Pro-feminism is the support of feminism without implying that the supporter is a member of the feminist movement. The term is most often used in reference to men who are activelyShow MoreRelatedFeminist Theory : A Feminist Life1591 Words   |  7 PagesWriter, feminist theorist, and professor Sara Ahmed wrote Living a Feminist Life alongside her blog feministkilljoys.com. She started writing it before and completed it after her resignation in 2016 from her post as director of the Centre for Feminist Research at Goldsmiths at the University of London after a lengthy struggle to hold the school accountable for incidents of sexual harassment on campus (Ahmed, n.d.). Her resignation, and location both in and out of the academy informed a lot of theRead MoreFeminist Theory Of Feminism1245 Words   |  5 Pageseffect change in the world when only half of it is invited to feel welcome to participate in the conversation ( Watson, 2014). In the feminist perspective, which is an extension of feminism, there is support of equality for both women and men. Feminism is a belief that women and men have equal rights and opportunities. There are many different branches in the feminist perspective, one of the most interesting one is intersectional feminism. Intersectional feminism believes that experiences of classRead MoreThe Exploration Of Feminist Theory Essay1536 Words   |  7 PagesThe theory focused on is the exploration of feminist theory developed by Mary Wollstonecraft in the 1790’s. The traditional interpretation of this theory is based on the common ideology of feminism within the Communication world. Illustrating gender inequality the feminist theory analysis into the social fields of politics, business, media platforms, and social normalities. Research traditions include socio-psychology and semiotics due to the cause and effect relationships that help create socialRead More The Feminist Theory Essays887 Words   |  4 Pages Feminists rely chiefly on th e contention that the traditional analysis of world politics is fundamentally gendered. Gender-sensitive analysis begins with the premise that societal institutions are made by humans and are therefore changeable by humans. Feminists systematically deconstruct the notions traditionally held by realists and taken for granted as how the world works. Gender-sensitive analysis takes many factors into consideration that the realist does not. As history dictates, theRead MoreSocial Reaction Theory And Feminist Theory Of Crimes1476 Words   |  6 Pages Social Reaction Theory and Feminist Theory of Crimes are the subject theories I am going to review, examine, and explain. I will be discussing the evolution of social reaction and labeling theory, which is mainly concerned with how individuals’ personal identities are highly influenced by the way that society has a tendency to classify them as offenders. I will also be reviewing the various forms of feminist theories, which began as reactions to the lack of reasonable theorizing about why femalesRead MoreFeminist Social Theory Essay1965 Words   |  8 PagesFeminist social theory ought to challenge the ideals of Classical social theory embodied by the work of authors, such Marx, Durkheim, Weber and Simmel. Such traditional values tend to exclude women from their social analy sis of the modern world, as women were considered non social agents. 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Dash Diet Evaluation Free Essays

Audrey Conn Special Diet Project 04/19/12 The Dash Diet 1. The diet I chose to follow is called the DASH diet. It stands for dietary approaches to stop hypertension (The Dash Diet Eating Plan, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Dash Diet Evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. The diet was created for people with hypertension. I followed the diet for three days. Normally I don’t think I would have had a problem following this diet because I tend to eat the same foods already but situational factors affected my outcome. The combination of work and finals didn’t give me adequate time to prepare meals. I tried my hardest to get the fruit, grains, and nuts/seeds/legumes servings in because those were the easiest to eat on the go. I followed that pretty well but I definitely didn’t get all of my vegetable, lean meat/poultry/fish, or dairy servings in. 3. The general purpose of this diet is to prevent and control hypertension, also known as high blood pressure. Besides lowering blood pressure this diet aims to improve insulin sensitivity, lower cholesterol, reduce the risk of; cancer, stroke, heart disease, kidney stones, and diabetes, and can also be used as a weight loss diet (The Dash Diet Eating Plan, 2012). . There are a few factors that could potentially make this diet difficult to follow. This diet calls for a lot of whole foods like fruit and vegetables and lean meat. Since this diet is specifically for hypertensive individuals processed foods are out of the question because they contain a large amount of sodium. This detail could pose a problem to those with a hectic l ifestyle. Many people don’t have the time to cook or prepare fresh foods. And others simply don’t enjoy it. If a person isn’t willing to avoid the convenience of processed foods than they cannot follow this diet. This also poses a problem for those that are in the lower class. Fresh fruits and vegetables are more expensive than processed foods and some may not be able to afford it. Availability of the fruits and vegetables could be a problem as well. I didn’t have a problem finding them but someone that doesn’t live near a grocery might, or in an area that does not import out of season produce. Your education on nutrition might hinder your success with this diet. You need to know how to read nutrition labels, your calorie/nutritional needs, serving sizes for different foods, and food reparation. Luckily you can buy The DASH Diet Action Plan book on the website that has a lot of helpful information, advice, and recipes. 5. The first difference is that the Dash Diet categorizes food into 7 groups opposed to 5 on the food guide pyramid. The diet separates legumes and meat into 2 different groups. The food guide pyramid also took out a fats and sweets category whereas the Dash Diet still includes it. The fruit, vegetable and dairy food groups were all very similar in serving size. Grain consumption was a couple servings higher in the Dash Diet. Over all protein was also a little higher because the diet puts legumes/seeds/nuts into a separate group. 6. The Dash Diet focuses on low sodium consumption, or more precisely, the correct amount of sodium consumption. The typical eating pattern includes more sodium than our body needs. This diet also has a higher fiber content than most people usually consume. 7. This diet plan is made for long term use. It contains all the necessary vitamins and minerals that our body needs. As long as you switch up the variety in your foods you won’t be lacking or consuming excessive nutrients. 8. Trying to fit enough lean meat and dairy into my diet was the biggest change I had to make. On average I probably get only 2 to 4 servings of lean meat/fish/poultry a week. Tuna was the easiest way for me to get the servings in. My lack of extra time would make this diet hard for me to follow well. My schedule is always changing so preparing foods all the time would be a hassle. It is also more expensive to follow this diet than my typical eating habits. Money isn’t something I have a lot of. 9. If I had hypertension and was expected to follow this diet I don’t think the transition would be that difficult. However, the transition would be easier if I had a scheduled time every day or every week that gave me time to prepare food and meals in bulk to save time. 10. I think I’ll have a better understanding of what others go through when they have special diets. It can be a large inconvenience depending on your lifestyle. I’ll also have an appreciation for those that have special diets and actually follow them. I had issues with just three days. Works Cited The Dash Diet Eating Plan. (2012, April). Retrieved from The DASH Diet: http://dashdiet. org/ How to cite Dash Diet Evaluation, Essay examples

Soldiers Attitude to Wwi free essay sample

Soldiers were perceived as a coward if they had not enlisted to go to war. Women would hand them a white feather, symbolising that they did not show pride in their country. This glorious adventure was backed up by the feeling that both spiritual renewal and courage could be developed. Soldiers believed that the war would be over Christmas and many had feared that war would be over before they had even got involved. Captain Julian Grenfell, in a letter to his mother during war, had emphasized that he â€Å"adore(s) war, it’s like a big picnic without the object lesson of a picnic. I’ve never been so well or so happy†¦ it is all the best fun. † As depicted from a photograph of a crowd in Berlin at the outbreak of war in 1914, many numerous young men are saluting their hats the sky and singing praises due to the outbreak of war, outlining happiness and excitement, through the expression evident on their faces. War poet, Wilfred Owen, outlines the enthusiasm and keenness to join war as he emphasizes that, â€Å"O meet it is and passing sweet, to live in peace with others, but sweet still and far more meet, to die in war for brothers. Owen encourages readers to enlist for war as it is a honor and a credit to serves for ones country. War poet Rupert Brooke, in his poem, ‘The Soldier,’ mentions, â€Å"†¦and think, this heart, all evil shed away†¦laughter, learnt of friends and gentleness,† as he outlines the positive experiences of engaging in the war effort. Author W. H Stephens, of ‘Imperial Camp Songs and Recitations of the war of 1914-1915,’ states that â€Å"if you want a jolly outing at this season of the year, just put on a Khaki outfit,† highlights that the need to feel good is to enlist in the war. In Europe, the war was known to have brought needed â€Å"purification and spiritual cleansing. † At the beginning of the war in 1914, Britain’s men of one million had enlisted in the war with three million having enlisted by the end of 1915. Buckingham Palace in Britain was surrounded by cheering crowds, as nationalism was evident everywhere. The German’s had believed that they felt they needed to be attacked. The Military Law Proclamation of the 31st July, 1914, had called all men for military service. Reports proved that ten million men were on camp. Both allied and German soldiers were enthused to engage in the war effort at the beginning of 1914 and 1915. It is known by Historian Malcolm Brown, that within two months at war, the soldiers were starting to become disillusioned. The reality was starting to kick in as they had not comprehended what they were in for. The Christmas truce had acted as an agreement between the two opposing sides, of the allied and Germans, to cease fighting. On Christmas day, the guns had stopped firing. This had changed the attitude of the German and allied soldier as gifts were exchanged, such as alcohol, cigarettes, chocolates and photographs, singing of Christmas carols were heard and conversation between them was spoken. Due to such actions evident on no man’s land, Commander of the British Expeditionary Force, Sir John French, ordered, â€Å"to prevent any reoccurrence, of such conduct, and called the local commanders to strict account, which resulted in a great deal of trouble. In a letter to his mother, Second Lieutenant Dougan Chate r, on the 25th of December, 1914, mentioned â€Å"I have seen one of the most extraordinary sights today that anyone has ever seen†¦our men went out to meet them [German’s] and in about two minutes the ground between the two lines of trenches was swarming with men and officers of both sides shaking hands and wishing each other a happy Christmas. † Bruce Bairnsfather, an Eng lish Soldier, recalled that â€Å"there was not an atom of hate on either side that day: and yet, on our side, not for a moment was the will to beat them relaxed. The military leaders of that time could not punish any soldier for his actions that day, yet warned them that it was to not happen again, as they issued strict orders. Leaders had encouraged the soldier’s to envy the opposition and encouraged fighting to continue, so that soldiers would not develop friendships and not want to fight any more. Although this was to never transpire again, there are some accounts of this occurring on Christmas In 1915. A changing attitude to war developed between the allied and German soldiers. War weariness had begun to settle in and the enthusiasm and passion to fight in war had died off. The war had gone on a lot longer than anticipated. The battlefields were becoming increasingly difficult for soldiers to bear. There was realization that the war would continue. The soldiers felt like nothing more than a trip home. In July 1918, Private A. Golding stated that, â€Å"Ill own, that his shells put the wind up me, and that Im not, and dont want to be a hero. I want to go home. † This is in great comparison to what the soldiers had previously thought. The conditions on the battlefields were harsh, which contributed to war weariness as soldiers comprehended the comparison of their previous thoughts of war, with present reality. Dangerous, loud explosions were encounted by the soldiers on the battlefields as â€Å"a terrific crash which flung me yards,† was experienced by the soldier, R. H Mottram, author of the Personal Records of the War. He suffered â€Å"enormous noise†¦ continuous explosion,† which degraded and disturbed the living conditions of soldiers on the Western Front. Private W. Carson Carton mentioned that food was â€Å"cooked in the same container it was boiled†¦and plum and apple jam and biscuits were washed down with tea. † The soldier’s enthusiasm between each other was still alive, yet many had given up. War time poet, Wilfred Owen, in his poem, â€Å"The Dead-Beat,† states that, â€Å"He dropped, more sullenly than wearily, Lay stupid like a cod, heavy like meat, And none of us could kick him to his feet. † Due to personal losses and huge casualties, the soldier’s began to view war very differently. Poet Henry Weston Pryce, in 1918 stated that,If such be life, and if to lives to love, O God, weve made a bloody mess of it! German and Allied attempts to break the stalemate through the Schlieffen Plan, the Battle of the Verdun, Operation St. Michael, as well as the Battle of the Somme and Passchendaele all contributed in increasing war weariness due to the amount of casualties and deaths. War weariness began to settle in as time had ventured on and the soldier’s attitude to war had significantly changed in comparison to what emotions were felt in 1914. German’s had a change in attitude during World War One alike the Allies. War weariness for the German’s was an even more serious problem. On the home fronts, Germany’s citizens were undertaking strikes to resemble the grief hat the soldiers were feeling and the urge for war to not continue. August 8th had been marked â€Å"the Black Day† for Germans as the allies were keen to push through German front lines to victory. On this day, â€Å"all hell broke loose and we heard nothing more. The world was enveloped in sound and flame, and our ears just couldnt cope. The ground shook. † ( Gunner J. R. Armitage). Battles on the War front ha d a significant impact on the German soldiers. Ludendorff claimed in 1918 that, â€Å"The Somme was the muddy grave of the German field Army. Confidence, Morale, and self esteem had gradually fallen in the high spirits of German soldiers. German soldier, Adolf Galland mentions â€Å"Of course, the outcome of the war would not have been changed. The war was lost perhaps, when it was started. † The changing attitude of the soldiers was clearly evident in the German army. Many contributing factors accumulated for the changing attitudes of both allied and German soldier’s fighting on the War Front. The changing attitudes from enthusiasm to depression had a significant impact on the German and Allied soldier’s experience at war.