Human Resource Management High School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Human Resource Management High School - Essay Example While making benefit remains a definitive objective of each business undertaking; it is viewed as that money related execution isn't the one in particular that has sway on incomes. As such, the 'rule of the primary concern', which was well known in the early XX century has substantially less weight these days. Considering by and large authoritative execution suggests expanding job of the board to the business achievement. Top administrators bring to the managerial setting an assortment of eccentric qualities, convictions and practices the stance of the association, its activities and, therefore, its exhibition, mirror the limited soundness, various objectives, abilities and aptitudes of its pioneers. (Ramaswami and Thomas 1994, p. 74). Various administration ideas created in past decades will in general decide key variables and to utilize them viably to increment authoritative execution. For instance, TQM (Total Quality Management) centers around the nature of the last item as an approach to increment upper hand and execution of the organization. Among others the idea of HRM (Human Resource Management) works a suspicion that presentation of the business can be expanded through individuals working in it. One of the key accents in HMR is made on the significance of adjusting between redistributing employments to outer laborers and finishing them inside the organization: firms must pick between elective administration structures. At the point when firms depend on outside providers, they are depending on advertise contracting as a type of administration. At the point when they depend on inside representatives, they are depending on hierarchical pecking order. (Gainey et al 1999, p. 113) Outsourcing has consistently been and will be the most ideal approach to finish a vocation, where your organization doesn't will in general practice. The innovation has fundamentally changed the contemporary look of re-appropriating. Organizations needed to work with accessible entertainers before. These days with its ongoing quick improvement, new market of re-appropriating administrations has developed. Web and Web administrations have made it conceivable to pick among all the organizations on the planet for redistributing. Obviously, IT industry was the first incredibly impacted by re-appropriating. Not very far in the past, everyone thought the enormous compensations were in IT. IT occupations have been traded to creating nations (Gordon 2004, p. 41). US Case US have become the primary nation that felt huge changes made by the advancement of redistributing. Following standards of expanding work proficiency worried in different creative administration ideas (HRM was one of them), administrators began to move fabricating procedures to China and Indonesia altogether diminishing expenses related with work. Nervousness among US laborers was set very still by the key situation of organizations: administrators consoled re-appropriating will just identify with 'hands on' employments, which don't require exceptional aptitudes. Old innovation, [experts] asserted: producing is antiquated. The U.S. would enter the new worldwide economy with the new innovation. Data, administrations, bleeding edge innovative work - these future the spotless, lucrative employments that would keep America on top. (Jasper 2003, p. 10) Anyway re-appropriating was not compelled by 'industrial' occupations. John McCarthy, expert of

Commercial debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business banter - Essay Example In such a case, the operator himself will be held to be at risk to the outsider for a break of a suggested portrayal of power. Also, a penetrate of such a sort would absolve the specialist from guaranteeing any repayments of costs brought about in the line of obligation or his own help related charges. Where a specialist indicates to act in a manner not explicitly expressed by the guideline, his obligations are considered considering any inferred authority granted by the rule. Subsequently, an operator who takes part in an agreement for the gracefully of merchandise for the guideline will be impliedly permitted to sign archives of installment and title for the rule (Rosenbaum v Belson (1900) 2 Ch 267). Be that as it may, the idea of suggested genuine authority is applied warily by the courts in deciphering understandings and the demonstration done by the operator should really be accidental to his assignments. Along these lines, factors, for example, the course of dealings which are broadly acknowledged in the line of business between the specialist and standard (Nickalls v Merry (1875) LR 7 HL 802)), his occupation and calling, and the trial of regular position all apply to the assurance of the agent’s extent of power. In any case, there are situations where the degree of the authority of the operator is superseded by the third party’s dependence on his portrayal. The nearness of this apparent authority is what is basically made accessible to the outsider, as by and by the outsider would once in a while ever get the opportunity to see the provisions of the real agreement among operator and rule. In this way, given he depends on the clear authority of the specialist (which incorporates information on the office, information on the nearness of a guideline, and dependence on the portrayal of the rule (see The Tatra (1990)), the organization will work by ethicalness of the Equity rule of estoppel, empowering the standard to be bound to the outsider r egardless of whether the operator demonstrations outside the authority granted to him by contract inasmuch as the operator acted inside the power spoke to by the rule to the outsider. This can refute the assent of the guideline as the operator might just be acting outside the power allowed to him by express or inferred real position, and exists exclusively for the outsider (Freeman and Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd (1964)) who has changed his situation in dependence on the portrayal of the specialist. Value for this situation makes an office by estoppel restricting the guideline to the agreement with the outsider. In this manner, it follows that to set up evident power all which is required is a portrayal by the standard of designating the specialist as his delegate operator and the outsider to depend on that portrayal to his burden. No further suggestion is required by the guideline, to such an extent that the portrayal may even be made by quietness (Spiro v Lint ern (1973)), alongside the outsider knowing or having some information on his ability as specialist of the rule. This is one situation where the organization is made without exacting adherence to the thought of the real degree of the aut

Are You One of These 4 Toxic Workplace Personalities

Are You One of These 4 Toxic Workplace Personalities There are a million different ways to spoil at work, and we like to think we keep away from the greater part of the undeniable traps. Be that as it may, here are a couple of work types you probably won't understand you look like every once in a while. 1. The MinimalistYou know what your identity is. Somebody approaches you for a notice on a venture and you answer, â€Å"I did my part,† without finishing. How much longer would it take you to follow that venture through the chain and offer an increasingly far reaching response? To assume liability for the errand, not simply your part of an assignment? You won’t have the option to do this each time you’re asked, so why not step up to the plate when you can and go the extra mile?2. The Negative NellyYou may think you’re a perky, constructive individual. However, it’s conceivable you’re the working environment killjoy. Do you moan at each new overwhelming venture? Gauge the cons before the masters ? Whine about the additional work and hours, as opposed to get psyched about that new prominent task? Ensure you keep the glass half full and separate yourself as a pioneer among your colleagues.3. The DisappointmentYou think you’re a legend since you take on far beyond every other person yet that’s likewise more than can be sensibly anticipated. Overcommitting can once in a while lead to failing to meet expectations, missed cutoff times, beast daily agendas, and frustration. You positively don’t need to be liable of the inverse (failing to take additional work on), yet on the off chance that you do step in to sub in, make sure to ensure you have your position in order.4. The ShockerYou’ve taken on more than you can bite, and things have been going a grievous way. In any case, you haven’t let your supervisor in on the subtleties, and as the huge introduction moves around, you need to drop a bomb. On the off chance that just you’d shared the troubles as they sprung up en route your associates could have assisted before the circumstance weakened. Be that as it may, you didn’t. What's more, now†¦ disaster.These working environment characteristics turn up in each office. There’s consistently somebody blameworthy of these office tactless act, and-on the off chance that you aren’t cautious it could be you!Are You a Boss Botherer? Make certain to Avoid This Workplace Behavior

Doll House Insight Into Plight Of Women - Free Essay Example

Henrik Isben has become an essential individual within the social dimensions and understanding the plight of women. Accordingly, the significant achievement in portraying women within the social aspect has been both unique and unusual through developing a different perspective about women. As such, the undeniable impact of the individual has been through the emphasis on creating drama on the evaluation of the rights of women. In a male-centric society, the play A Doll House presents a distinctive oversight about the womenrs position. Accordingly, the theme circumventing the rights of a woman is extensively prevalent. Women have to undertake a passive role in accepting their situation and focusing on individuality in accomplishing individual rights within society. Indeed, within the patriarchal society, the evident control that men asset on women is outright both in the 19th and 21st century. Accordingly, the evaluation of womenrs right as a prevalent theme is evident is divisionary and produces diverse perspectives. The underlying social problem within Ibsenrs drama is the investigation into the rights of women across the patriarchal society. Accordingly, the focus on the tragedy in which the main character leaves her house with the ambition to make it in the world of possibilities is evident (Hill, 2010, 4). Nora takes off to undertake the personal responsibilities. The form of personal responsibility to empower oneself is prevalent throughout the story. As such, Nora vehemently states that which duties do you mean? Nora: my duties towards myself (Ghafourinia Amili, 2014, 424). Majority of the pundits such as Ghafourinia Amili, (2014, 425), emphasize that the rights of a woman within the society are at the center of the character development process. As opposed to living in an illusion with the man of her dreams, the main character focuses on making the necessary changes to create a transformative outcome. As well, the men in Noras life assert their control based on the belief that it is the mans role to declare both power and order in the daily interactive process. As a clear example, Helmer emphasizes the need to enhance reputation through making the necessary sacrifices for his life (Ghafourinia Amili, 2014, 425). The patriarchal society revolves the notion that the man should assert control over the woman. Nonetheless, Norars form of win is through the idea of self-development that entails becoming a woman in her own right. A society that treats her as a nullity is of concern and change should prevail. Accordingly, in a life of nullity whereby women are not appreciated for their role, Nora is willing to leave her family, marriage life and discard her full life to enjoy individuality. The dramatic play shows that the audiences come to terms with the rigidity in morality of Helmer, Norars husband in accepting the rights of women that is evident. The societal perception of men surrounds the concept that a woman cannot make significant progress without the involvement of men. As such, the man has to assert control in the operations of a woman and sacrifice is at the core of personal maturity at the social setting. Nonetheless, Nora exudes significant internal conflicts (Hill, 2010, 4). Accordingly, making the necessary sacrifices for her is evident to ensure a fulfilling life proceeds. The assertion that we have never sat down together to get anything done portrays a clear picture on the non-existent conversation between men and women (Ghafourinia Amili, 2014, 425). The assertion that is outright in the monologue portrays that the treatment of women is negative. As such, women are described as second-hand creatures and the undisputed evident rights are considerably ignored. Accordingly, the serious discussion about the role of men and women coupled with the rights of women circumvents elements of modern drama in such a divisive patriarchal society. Due to numerous reasons, Nora opts not to stay in the Doll House any longer. The need to continue with her emotional heartache and sacrifices are too much for the main character. Accordingly, the unwillingness to submit to her husband and face the consequences is an ongoing element in the quest for self-empowerment (Ghafourinia Amili, 2014, 425). Consequently, the change in personal behavior through deciding to stop her submissive role in the society comprises of an unthinkable action for the middle-class woman during her time. As well, the notion that few women had taken such a drastic action during her time is an element of social drama that is relevant and influential to date. Across the present environment, the social drama by Henrik reflects the ongoing quest of appreciation of the role women play within the social dimension. Appreciating their rights is at the core of the drama (Isben, 2009, 1). Of significance is the ongoing feminist movement that has been fueled by such works of art that present the need for continued appreciation of women within the social dimension. Accordingly, the evaluation of the gender politics, sexuality and power relations are some of the issues that the drama exudes relevance to the present environment. Consequently, the increasing problems of equal pay, discrimination and reproductive rights as issues within the 21st century can be related to the period of the drama. The ongoing theme of the rights of women portrayed in the play is of significance to the empowerment trend that is critical towards the appreciation of women. Throughout the drama, the ongoing need to appreciate the positive impact of women should be integral for men and the development process (Ghafourinia Amili, 2014, 425). The drama should be the starting point to generate insight into the feminist movement. Inclusive of the fight for the rights of women is the grassroots that shape the quest for womenrs role within the society. In a culturally specific society, addressing the underlying gender issues should be at the core of personal movement process. The detailed projection of the ongoing female oppression couple with the additional increase in drama is self-moving for women in their cry for a change in the society. As such the experience of the women across society is an illustration of the conventional society that is prevalent in the contemporary setting. The need to seek fr eedom and continued self-empowerment is an issue of concern that is highlighted by the play that resonates to date. Conclusion Doll House presents a unique insight into the plight of women. Within a society that is based on patriarchal views, women such as Nora have to resort to distinctive approaches to assert their position. The right of a woman to establish her position is evident and necessary for personal development. As well, the move by the main character to disregard her family and create independence is apparent. Accordingly, through her movement within the play, the prospect of empowering women in a masculine society resonates to date. Consequently, the outcome of the play is an enabling aspect for women that can be adapted to date.

A Horror Of The Holocaust - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1097 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/07/02 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Genocide Essay Holocaust Essay Did you like this example? As a fourteen-year-old, killing is never on your mind. The only thing you think of is a happy life, going to school, and becoming someone someday (Nishimwe 153). This is a quote from Consolee Nishimwe, a survivor of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Horror Of The Holocaust" essay for you Create order Jack Beaudoin defines genocide as The systematic killing of a social, political, cultural, or religious group (11). The most well-known genocide is the Holocaust which occurred from 1941-1945. Although the Holocaust is the most well-known, there have been hundreds that came before and after it. Some examples youve probably heard of are the Armenian Genocide where at least 50% of Armenians in Turkey were killed, the Rwandan Genocide, the Cambodian Genocide, and the Ukrainian Genocide where almost 10% of Ukraines population died. In this essay, I will be talking about the two most known genocides; the Holocaust and the Rwandan Genocide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Holocaust occurred from 1941 to 1945, just shortly after World War II had started. Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Holocaust, was elected as chancellor in 1933. Shortly after he was elected, he began the building of concentration camps for Jews. Hitler had promised to restore Germanys honor after their devastating loss in World War I. He planned to restore this honor by executing all the Jews. First, he started by passing the Nuremberg Laws, which prevented Jews from owning businesses or going to school. Soon after, he branded the Jews by having them wear a Jewish star at all times. After World War II started in 1940, Hitler and the Nazis established the Warsaw Ghetto in Poland, where Jews were to stay behind a walled section of the city. In the Warsaw Ghetto, the Jews were forced to live in poverty, sickness, and malnutrition. Then in 1941, the concentration camps began to fill with Jews, gypsies, homosexuals, and others. Concentration camps were loc ated in Auschwitz, Chelmno, Treblinka, Sobibor, Belzec, and Majdanek. At the Wannsee Conference in 1942, Hitler and the Nazis decided they were to kill all the Jews. They called this the final solution. After Hitler proclaimed the final solution into effect, Five million people died in death camps in 1942 to 1943. In Auschwitz, 1.6 million were killed (Beaudoin, 10). The Jews that survived the concentration camps were released in 1945. Many of the survivors had nowhere to go as their families were murdered and their towns destroyed. Most of them were forced to immigrate to the United States or Israel. After they were released, the Nuremberg trials started. Only a small number of Nazis were sentenced to death for their help in the Holocaust while others were free to flee to safety. Five months after the trials started, Hitler committed suicide when the U.S. and Soviet Union troops began to close in. Eight days later, Germany surrendered and lost the war. The Holocaust is the most wel l known genocide and also had the largest numbers of fatalities of any genocide with almost 7 million people dead from the concentration camps.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps the second most well-known genocide is the Rwandan Genocide of 1994. Most of the victims of the genocide were that of the Tutsi, an ethnic minority in Rwanda. The government carried out this genocide in order to protect the Hutu ethnic majority. Even though the two groups are very similar, their feud can be dated back to the early 1900s. When the Belgians had colonial rule in the early 1900s, they favored the Tutsi and gave them many opportunities that the Hutu did not receive like education and health care. When Rwanda was struggling for independency in the 1950s and 1960s, the Belgians helped the Hutu take over the government despite their previous favor for the Tutsi. This period was called the Hutu Social Revolution. After this revolution, there was a lot of violence that led in the death of thousands of Tutsi. But the worst was yet to come. In 1990, a rebel Tutsi group was formed called the Rwandan Patriotic Front. Their goal was to launch at tacks on the Hutu government so that the Tutsi could take over. A few years later, the Hutu government signed a peace treaty with the group in order to stop these attacks. But on April 6, 1994, Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana, a Hutu, was killed when his plane was shot down above Kigali, Rwandas capital (Frank and Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia). Over the next few months after his death, the government killed at least 500,000 people, the majority of victims being Tutsi. So many homes were destroyed. The Hutus broadcast over the radio that any Tutsi, young or old, should be killed. They went through all of the homes and destroyed them says survivor Consolee Nishimwe. Nishimwe goes on to tell the story of how her father and brothers were killed, leaving only her mother and herself as survivors. Most of the women survived because instead of killing them, they would rape them multiple times and leave them there to die. Along with Nishimwe and most women who were raped during the genocide, they had developed HIV, a reminder of what they had endured. The Rwandan Patriotic Front eventually took over the Rwandan government. Many of the Hutu fled to neighboring countries in order to escape the front. In 1994, the United Nations held a series of trials to prosecute the leaders of the genocide. Although they convicted dozens of individuals, many of the leaders had already escaped or died during the genocide. The new government has outlawed the names of the Hutu or Tutsi in order to prevent another genocide like the one that killed almost a million.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Genocides date way back to the early 1400s and are still happening to this day, although we dont hear much about them until thousands of people had already died. Our school system is not doing much to teach about the history of genocides. They rarely speak about the Holocaust or the Rwandan genocide and soon, all the survivors will be dead. If we dont continue to teach about the past and what terrible things have happened, history will repeat itself. Of all the testimonials of survivors, they say they are happy to be alive and forgive the people who hurt them. Even though the surviving Jews have to live with a brand on their arm and the Rwandan women survivors have to live with HIV for the rest of their lives, they still forgive even though they are reminded of what happened every day. It takes a lot of courage to be able to forgive someone after the horrible events that had happened. In order to prevent another genocide from happening, we need to bring a wareness to them. History always repeats itself.

Animal Liberation, By Peter Singer - 1302 Words

Over the recent years, the public has be more aware of the animal liberation movement. This movement opposes factory farming and animal experimentation; the movement demanding animal equality. The animal liberation movement demands for the people to expand their moral capabilities, to recognize that animals should be treated as equals. However, it is hard for one to recognize that the moral inequality until it is forcibly pointed out to them. Peter Singer, author of Animal Liberation, has written about various ethical issues that should be dealt with; he is and is widely known for his compassion and work on animal welfare. Singer compares discrimination between humans to the moral injustice that humans have shown animals. Singer examines the idea of blacks and women command equality because they have the same ability to be leaders, to rationalize, the same intellect as whites and males. However, animals do not have the same ability to compete for leadership with humans. Since humans and animals do not have same intelligence and capabilities, one could infer animals should be treated less humane, according to the definition of justice. Justice requires that one must treat their equals equally, and since animals are not equal to humans in any moral aspect, then we can philosophically consider that the immoral treatment between humans and animals is not injustice. Thus, the argument between moral equality and factual arises. Moral equality exists because every human hasShow MoreRelatedAnimal Liberation By Peter Singer1329 Words   |  6 PagesKelsi Duncan Engl1030 Mr. Smith 09/24/2014 â€Å"Animal Liberation† Review Peter Singer’s essay on â€Å"Animal Liberation† was published in the New York Review in 1963. Ultimately, in this essay, Singer was trying to get humans to realize how they are treating non-humans, and that changes need to happen. Firstly, Singer claims that animals suffer just like humans do. He uses Jane Goodall and her chimpanzee research as an example. Jane Goodall taught a chimpanzee to talk with sign language, with this sheRead MoreAnalysis Of Peter Singer s Animal Liberation1800 Words   |  8 Pagesto argue in support of Peter Singer’s claims against speciesism. It is right to claim that human suffering and animal suffering should be given equal considerations. Both humans and nonhuman species suffer both physically and emotionally and both deserve equal considerations on the basis of morality. Peter Singer has written many works in support of animal rights. In one of his greatest works Animal Liberation, Singer goes into great depths on how similar in biology animals are to human beings. AnotherRead MoreThe Reading I Chose Is Animal Liberation, By Peter Singer828 Words   |  4 PagesThe reading I chose is Animal Liberation, by Peter Singer. Peter Singer argues against animals cruelty, discrimination, and animals equal rights. Singer uses philosophy to teach and educate others on his point of view. Singer points out that animals have rights too and supports animals just like he does with Black Liberation, Gay Liberation, and Women Liberation. Singer states, â€Å"It is a demand for a complete change in our attitudes to nonhumans. It is a demand that we cease to regard the exploitationRead MoreEssay on ANIMAL RIGHTS790 Words   |  4 PagesAnimals have their own rights as do to humans and we should respect that and give them the same respect we give each other. Animals deserve to be given those same basic rights as humans. All humans are considered equal and ethical principles and legal statutes should protect the rights of animals to live according to their own nature and remain free from exploitation. This paper is going to argue that animals deserve to have the same rights as humans and therefore, we don’t have the right to killRead MoreEssay Peter Singer Arguement That We are Speciesist 1126 Words   |  5 PagesSpeciesism, as defined by Peter Singer, â€Å"is a prejudice or attitude of bias in favor of the interests of members of one’s own species and against those of members of other species† (Singer, Animal Liberation, p. 6). The rationale for the preferential treatment encapsulated in this definition is simply the fact that those receiving the preferred treatment belong to the same species, and not on the basis of any grounds of higher intelligence or other attributes. Singer ensures that the reader can easilyRead MoreEssay What Moral and Ethical Obligations do Humans Have to Animals1492 Words   |  6 Pageseggs necessary to feed the population. The intensive farming method of animal husbandry has become quite a controversial issue and caused apprehension amongst many different factions of society. These concerns relate to how high density farming practices result in dangers associated with environmental impacts, human health and non-human welfare. Animal welfare/animal rights groups argue that the conditions in which the animals live are cruel and abhorrent. This notion of cruelty invites debate surroundingRead MoreEqual Rights for Animals in Peter Singer’s Article, All Animals are Equal652 Words   |  3 Pages In Peter Singer’s article, All Animals are Equal, Singer claims that animals deserve the same equal rights and respect that the human lives get. His strongest argument is defined by all animals, human or non-human shall b e defined as equal. Singer makes some very strong arguments within his article, but I feel some of his statements are humanist. As an animal lover and mother to two pets, I disagree that not all animals or living things endure the same amount. However, I do agree that animalsRead MoreExplain the distinction Jean Grimshaw makes between misogyny and philosophically significant ‘maleness’ of philosophical theories.999 Words   |  4 Pagestheories. 2. What reasons does Peter Singer give for his view that ‘differences between humans and animals’ are irrelevant to considerations of the moral ‘equality for animals’? Peter Singer explores the moral considerations when taking into account the equality of nonhumans. The fundamental principle of equality is that the interests of all individuals are of equal value, no matter who the individuals are. In this case, Singer is discussing nonhuman equality. Singer argues that if a being suffersRead MoreAnimal Research : Is It Human Or Inhuman?1100 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal research in psychology is a controversial issue that has raised many questions on whether it should be allowed Is it human or inhuman? Peter Singer, a bioethicist, views animal research as a form of discrimination and for the most part useless in findings. Singer believes that animals and humans are not very different from each other; hence, asking why not test on humans too if it is okay on animals? On the other hand, R.G. Frey, a professor of philosophy, argues that animal research shouldRead MoreAnimal Experimentation And The Cosmetic Industry And Medical Professions1509 Words   |  7 PagesExperimentally Cruel Animal experimentation has long standing roots in human history, specifically in the cosmetic industry and medical professions. Many could argue that humanity could not have progressed to today’s advancements without a heavy reliance on animal experimentation. There are some notable cases throughout history where such testing was undeniably beneficial, although it could certainly be argued that such methods were not always necessary. With significant advancements in scientific

Emotional Development and Intelligence Management

Question: Discuss about the Emotional Development and Intelligence Management. Answer: Background Organizational Learning is always related to some type of change during the process and many a times the change could be a continual process. Change could involve emotional aspects which are not addressed in a generic context. In this article, the Author, Peter Jordan has explored four main branches emotional intelligence, emotional awareness, emotional facilitation and emotional knowledge related to the emotional regulation in order to identify the relation between organizational learning and emotional intelligence. Aim The aim of the literature review is to produce a report on dealing with Organizational Change with relation to identify the relation between organizational learning and emotional intelligence. The main purpose of this article was also to highlight the importance of taking into account all the emotions which can affect the organizational change and also to offer the Management various methods in which they can address these issues by relating the emotional intelligence abilities (Mayer Salovey 1997). In this regard we would analyse whether Emotional Intelligence would have an impact on the behaviour of the Employees and Managers during the Organizational Change Will there be any implications for the Managers (Mossholder, Settoon,Armenakis Harris 2000) Methodology The Literature Review was conducted by using the standard practices which are useful for conducting a systematic approach by using various sources of data including the research performed by the various Researchers in the fields of Psychology and Emotional Intelligence. Argument and Analysis Peter Jordan has focussed on Organizational Change which has become a constant need for the organizational enhancement in terms of learning. The ability of the Organization to deal with change is also a competitive advantage as per Skinner, Saunder and Thornhill (2002). The Author has conducted an advanced research that change is a process which is emotional and it involves a series of emotions and feelings in the individuals who undergo that specific process. Any type of change requires a micro level management at all stages. Peter has also combined the works of Ashton James Jordan 2004 and Antonacopoulou Gabriel 2001 in terms of conducting research on emotional aspects of a change process. From the works considered, Peter, has highlighted that the Writers have identified that there are emotional consequences involved in an Organizational change process however there is not much research available related to the emotional skills which are required to manage the organizational change in a successful way. There are some writers who have identified ways in which social support could be provided in order to make the change process a lot smoother however it was noticed that this process has seemed like it was a reaction to the issue which existed than a method which could enable the change (Sheehan Jordan 2003). The Author made a smooth transition from the fact of highlighting emotions in the context of organizational change to the impact of emotions on organizational behaviour. Peter has supported his views with those of Ashkanasy Zerbe (2000). The reason behind choosing the above mentioned fact for the research is that the construct of emotional intelligence has been advanced in the recent years and it has provided a edge to the understanding of various aspects of organizational behaviour (Mayer, Salovey Caruso 2000). Strengths Emotional intelligence comes from the understanding of the relationships between people in any context where it could be relationships in life and relationships at work. If a person is balanced and portrays a genuine feeling towards the others he tends to develop a greater level of emotional understanding towards the others (Jordan Troth 2002). These facts have been proven on the basis of a theoretical understanding which is also in agreement with the other emotional intelligence scholars. Individuals with higher levels of emotional intelligence are more effective in terms of managing change than those individuals with lower levels of emotional intellect. These facts were not tested on the individuals in an empirical way by the Emotional Scholars however; Peter has proven an advanced level of research by proving the type of skills which an individual will develop as a result of being emotional intellectual at a higher level. By conducting such a research a thorough empirical investigation is possible in order to conduct an analysis for managing the change in the Organizations. Peter has treated emotion as a force which has to be managed in any Organization during any type of a change implementation. This could be treated as a psychological and sociological approach. Change is proposed only to go for an innovation of a product or a service in order to target an overall growth of the Organization. If the change proposed is tested at this micro point the effects which it would propose at a later stage can also be assessed a head of time which would in turn motivate the Employees to be prepared for change. The recent research which was done on the emotions at a work place include emotions related to emotional intelligence, emotional labour, emotional expressions of various aspects at a work place and organizational culture related issues (Morris Feldman 1996). The emotions which drive the organizational change were also categorised as impulsive behaviour related decisions, people behavioural issues, continuous efforts which were being placed on changing peoples behaviours and work place ethic related issues. These issues have contributed to an extensive research on the impact of the organizational change. In order to support this aspect of the research, Peter has considered the viewpoints of Mayer and Salovey (1997), where they have explained various aspects of emotional intelligence can be related to the behavioural types which can support the learning in an organization. The research was meant to be based on indicating the type of skills which a highly emotional and an intellectual individual would draw and the research was meant to examine the implications for managing change. The disadvantage of the research was it was not streamlined and it did not have a proper structure where it missed out on drawing the skills in specific. Senge (1992) has emphasized on the fact the Organizations are in strong need to get their Employees improve their skills and abilities which comprise of the emotional awareness, emotional intelligence, emotional policies and emotional knowledge. Such statements have been proved with the basis of an example like responding or reacting to a specific situation involves the individuals emotions at that point in time. It is at this point where the person tends to improvise himself by controlling his emotions. By being aware of such emotions the person experiences and expresses the need to be able to speak out his emotions and any of the situations he has been experiencing. There is a thin line of difference which has been highlighted in the journal that a person would be able to be aware of his emotions and would be able to differentiate between the appropriate and inappropriate expressions. Emotional stability is the way in which a person can use his emotions sparingly and can also prioritize on deciding the important of all emotions to exercise. Weaknesses and Recommendations The concepts were a lot based on emotional knowledge and its components where good focus was given to the original lay out of the research where it has intended to be based on drawing out the relation between organizational learning and emotional intelligence. The writer could have elaborated on the skills which are required for a person to be emotionally strong and decide which of them could be enhanced by applying self learning in order to be able to transition through the change process. Conclusion In spite of most of the research work conducted there are good no. of discussions which take place in order to understand the role of emotions through change. Most of the change processes invite negative outcomes and to curb this type of an experience, the Organizations should empower their employees to participate in more of organizational growth events which can motivate them towards a better performance. References Mayer, J. Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence, in P Salovey D. Sluyter (eds)., Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Implications for Educators, basic Books, New York, PP 3 31. Mayer,J D. Salovey, P. Caruso, DR. (2000). Competing Models of Emotional Intelligence, in R Sternberg (ed)., Handbook of Intelligence, Cambridge, New York, PP 396 420 Ashkanasy, NM. Ashton J. CE Jordan, PJ. (2004). Performance impacts of appraisal and coping with stress in the workplace settings: The role of affect and emotional intelligence, in PL Perrewe DC Ganster (eds), Emotional and Psychological Processes and Positive Intervention Strategies, Vol 3, PP 1 43 Floyd, P. (2002). Organizational Change, Capstone, Oxford Senge, P. (1992). The Fifth Discipline, Random House, Milsons Print Sheehan, M. Jordan, PJ. (2000). The antecedents and implications of workplace bullying : A bounded emotionality analysis, paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Association Francophone de Gestion des Resources Humaines Internationalisation of HRM, Paris, November Skinner,D. Saunder, MNK. and Thornhill, A. (2002). Human Resource Management in a changing world, Strategic Change, 11 (7), 341 345 Wong, C. Law, KS. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude : An exploratory study, Leadership Quarterly, 13(3), 243 274

Violence In School Essays - Misconduct, Behavior, Human Behavior

Violence In School http://nces.ed.gov/pubs98/violence/98030001.html Violence and Discipline Problems in U.S. Public Schools: 1996-97 Executive Summary No matter where you are, parents want their students to be safe and secure that might even precede a quality education With drugs, gangs, and guns on the rise in many communities the threat of violence weighs heavily on most principals' minds these daysAnyone who thinks they are not vulnerable is really na?ve. (Principal Michael Durso, Springbrook High School, as quoted in the Washingtonian Magazine, September 1997). Background Recent events have again focused the nation's attention on violence in U.S. public schools, an issue that has generated public concern and directed research for more than two decades.1 Despite long-standing attention to the problem, there is a growing perception that not all public schools are safe places of learning, and media reports highlight specific school-based violent acts. The seventh goal of the National Education Goals states that by the year 2000, all schools in America will be free of drugs and violence and the unauthorized presence of firearms and alcohol, and offer a disciplined environment that is conducive to learning. In response to this goal, the Congress passed the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1994, which provides for support of drug and violence prevention programs. As part of this legislation, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is required to collect data to determine the frequency, seriousness, and incidence of violence in e lementary and secondary schools. NCES responded to this requirement by commissioning a survey, the Principal/School Disciplinarian Survey on School Violence, 1996-97, the results of which are detailed in this report. The school violence survey was conducted with a nationally representative sample of 1,234 regular public elementary, middle, and secondary schools in the 50 states and the District of Columbia in the spring and summer of 1997. The survey requested information on four main topics: ? The incidence of crime and violence that occurred in public schools during the 1996-97 academic year; ? Principals' (or school disciplinarians') perceptions about the seriousness of a variety of discipline issues in their schools; ? The types of disciplinary actions schools took against students for serious offenses; and ? The kinds of security measures and violence prevention programs that were in place in public schools. The types of criminal incidents that schools were asked to report included murder, suicide, rape or other type of sexual battery, assault or fight with a weapon, robbery, assault or fight without a weapon, theft/ larceny, and vandalism. Any effort to quantify the frequency and seriousness of these crimes and violent incidents occurring in public schools will be affected by the way in which the information is collected and reported. Three important aspects of the process that were used to gather the data reported in this publication were: ? ? The survey questions asked, including how the questions were phrased, definitions applied, time span covered, and the context in which they were asked; ? The choice of survey respondent; and ? The survey sample size. The reader should keep these aspects of the survey in mind when comparing results of this particular sample survey with other studies on school crime and violence. The data reported from this study may vary from data reported elsewhere because of differences in definitions, coverage, respondents, and sample. For example, the data reported in this survey describe the number of incidents of crime, not the number of individuals involved in such incidents. It should be noted that an incident could involve more than one individual perpetrator or individual victim. Similarly, an individual perpetrator or victim could be involved in multiple incidents. Key Findings How Serious A Problem Was Crime And Violence In U.S. Public Schools In The 1996-1997 School Year? More than half of U.S. public schools reported experiencing at least one crime incident in school year 1996-97, and 1 in 10 schools reported at least one serious violent crime during that school year (table 7). ? ? Fifty-seven percent of public elementary and secondary school principals reported that one or more incidents of crime/violence that were reported to the police or other law enforcement officials had occurred in their school during the 1996-97 school year. ? Ten percent of all public schools experienced one or more

Emperor Qins Tomb -- Not Just Terracotta Soldiers

Emperor Qin's Tomb Not Just Terracotta Soldiers The exquisite terracotta army of the first Qin Dynasty ruler Shihuangdi represents the emperor’s ability to control the resources of the newly unified China, and his attempt to recreate and maintain that empire in the afterlife. The soldiers are part of Shihuangdis tomb, located near the modern town of Xian, Shaanxi province in China. That, scholars believe, is why he built the army, or rather had them built, and the story of the Qin and his army is a great tale. The Emperor Qin The first emperor of all China was a fellow named Ying Zheng, born in 259 BC during the Warring States Period, a chaotic, fierce, and dangerous time in Chinese history. He was a member of the Qin dynasty, and ascended to the throne in 247 BC at the age of twelve and a half. In 221 BC King Zheng united all of what is now China and renamed himself Qin Shihuangdi (First Heavenly Emperor of Qin), although ‘united’ is rather a tranquil word to be using for the bloody conquest of the region’s small polities. According to the Shi Ji records of the Han dynasty court historian Sima Qian, Qin Shihuangdi was a phenomenal leader, who began connecting existing walls to create the first version of the Great Wall of China; constructed an extensive network of roads and canals throughout his empire; standardized philosophy, law, written language and money; and abolished feudalism, establishing in its place provinces run by civilian governors. Qin Shihuangdi died in 210 BC, and the Qin dynasty was quickly extinguished within a few years by the early rulers of the subsequent Han dynasty. But, during the brief period of Shihuangdi’s rule, a remarkable testament to his control of the countryside and its resources was constructed: a semi-subterranean mausoleum complex, which included an estimated army of 8,000 life-size sculpted clay terracotta soldiers, chariots, and horses. Shihuangdis Necropolis: Not Just Soldiers The terracotta soldiers are only a part of the vast mausoleum project, covering an area of some 30 square kilometers (11.5 square miles). In the middle of the precinct is the still-unexcavated tomb of the king, 500x500 meters (1640x1640 feet) square and covered by an earthen mound some 70 m (230 ft) high. The tomb lies within a walled precinct, measuring 2,100x975 m (6,900x3,200 ft), which protected administrative buildings, horse stables and cemeteries. Within the central precinct were found 79 pits with burial goods, including ceramic and bronze sculptures of cranes, horses, chariots; stone-carved armor for humans and horses; and human sculptures that archaeologists have interpreted as representing officials and acrobats. The three pits containing the now-famous terracotta army are located 600 m (2,000 ft) east of the mausoleum precinct, in a farm field where they were re-discovered by a well-digger in the 1920s. Those pits are three out of at least 100 others within an area measuring 5x6 kilometers (3x3.7 miles). Other pits identified to date include the tombs of craftspeople, and a subterranean river with bronze birds and terracotta musicians. Despite nearly constant excavation since 1974, there are still large areas as yet unexcavated. According to Sima Qian, construction on the mausoleum precinct began shortly after Zheng became king, in 246 BC, and it continued until about a year after he died. Sima Qian also describes the demolition of the central tomb in 206 BC by Xiang Yus rebel army, who burned it and looted the pits. Pit Construction Four pits were excavated to hold the terracotta army, although only three were filled by the time construction ceased. The construction of the pits included excavation, placement of a brick floor, and construction of a sequence of rammed earth partitions and tunnels. The floors of the tunnels were covered with mats, the life-sized statuary was placed erect on the mats and the tunnels were covered with logs. Finally each pit was buried. In Pit 1, the largest pit (14,000 square meters or 3.5 acres), the infantry was placed in rows four deep. Pit 2 includes a U-shaped layout of chariots, cavalry and infantry; and Pit 3 contains a command headquarters. About 2,000 soldiers have been excavated so far; archaeologists estimate that there are over 8,000 soldiers (infantry to generals), 130 chariots with horses, and 110 cavalry horses. Continuing Excavations Chinese excavations have been conducted at Shihuangdi’s mausoleum complex since 1974, and have included excavations in and around the mausoleum complex; they continue to reveal astonishing findings. As archaeologist Xiaoneng Yang describes Shihuangdi’s mausoleum complex, â€Å"Ample evidence demonstrates the First Emperor’s ambition: not only to control all aspects of the empire during his lifetime but to recreate the entire empire in microcosm for his after- life.† Please see the slide show on the terracotta soldiers for more information on the soldiers and artifacts found within the Qins mausoleum. Sources Bevan A, Li X, Martinà ³n-Torres M, Green S, Xia Y, Zhao K, Zhao Z, Ma S, Cao W, and Rehren T. 2014. Computer vision, archaeological classification and Chinas terracotta warriors. Journal of Archaeological Science 49:249-254. Bonaduce I, Blaensdorf C, Dietemann P, and Colombini MP. 2008. The binding media of the polychromy of Qin Shihuangs Terracotta Army. Journal of Cultural Heritage 9(1):103-108. Hu W, Zhang K, Zhang H, Zhang B, and Rong B. 2015. Analysis of polychromy binder on Qin Shihuangs Terracotta Warriors by immunofluorescence microscopy. Journal of Cultural Heritage 16(2):244-248. Hu Y-Q, Zhang Z-L, Bera S, Ferguson DK, Li C-S, Shao W-B, and Wang Y-F. 2007. What can pollen grains from the Terracotta Army tell us? Journal of Archaeological Science 34:1153-1157. Kesner L. 1995. Likeness of No One: (Re)presenting the First Emperors Army. The Art Bulletin 77(1):115-132. Li R, and Li G. 2015. Provenance study of the terracotta army of Qin Shihuangs mausoleum by fuzzy cluster analysis. Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2015:2-2. Li XJ, Bevan A, Martinà ³n-Torres M, Rehren TH, Cao W, Xia Y, and Zhao K. 2014. Crossbows and imperial craft organisation: the bronze triggers of Chinas Terracotta Army. Antiquity 88(339):126-140. Li XJ, Martinà ³n-Torres M, Meeks ND, Xia Y, and Zhao K. 2011. Inscriptions, filing, grinding and polishing marks on the bronze weapons from the Qin Terracotta Army in China. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(3):492-501. Liu Z, Mehta A, Tamura N, Pickard D, Rong B, Zhou T, and Pianetta P. 2007. Influence of Taoism on the invention of the purple pigment used on the Qin terracotta warriors. Journal of Archaeological Science 34(11):1878-1883. Martinon-Torres M. 2011. Making Weapons for the Terracotta Army. Archaeology International 13:67-75. Wei S, Ma Q, and Schreiner M. 2012. Scientific investigation of the paint and adhesive materials used in the Western Han dynasty polychromy terracotta army, Qingzhou, China. Journal of Archaeological Science 39(5):1628-1633.

State of Texas economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

State of Texas economic - Essay Example Governor Perry regards the focus on these industries as a significant economic strategy (texaswideopenforbusiness). They key industries are advanced technology and manufacturing; aerospace, aviation and defense, biotechnology and life science, information and computer technology; petroleum refining and chemical products; and energy (texaswideopenforbusiness). Economies suffer considerably at the hands of, lacking skilled force (Powell and Lindsay 2). World Bank declared that the factors leading to the high pace of economic growth and development of the ‘tiger economies’ is sustained productivity, technological investment, and human resource investment on continuous basis (Powell and Lindsay 2). Texas has a work force commission known as TWC. TWC is a commission for the employers and helps them in refining and upgrading the skills of their employees and work force (texaswideopenforbusiness). The programs that TWC employs are; skill development, apprenticeship, on job training and literacy education to help employees developing their skills better and further and increase their productivity (texaswideopenforbusiness). Texas has an infrastructure that is considered business friendly. It provides and maintains up to the standard modern transportation facilities and logistical advantages (texaswideopenforbusiness). Texas provides business support by providing state-of-the-art land, air and sea transportation means; such infrastructure lends support to businesses and allows them to access national and international markets in time (texaswideopenforbusiness). Texas also has modern energy provision systems, like wind farms, nuclear power, and coal power, all contributing to the developing businesses and people of Texas

Assignment two Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Two - Assignment Example The Salem village from which the witchcraft was mostly practiced happened to be causing a lot of problems to the colonists. The village was in constant rebellion with the colonists (Yarema 53). There were various political, economic and religious reasons why European groups migrated to America. Some wanted to expand their territories. Some migrated to America seeking for religious freedom while others migrated into America in search of raw materials and markets for their companies (McCullough 112). Many visitors took advantage of the fact that many natives were not united and this made their colonization process easier. Indentured servants were people who agreed to work with no pay for other people. This agreement would be entered to incase the person owed a debt to another person. The person in debt would agree to work for the other individual for a period of time in order to settle the debt. However, indentured servants had basic civil rights and were considered to be free by the law. Slaves on the hand had no basic rights and were considered to be personal property of their owners (Tomek

Human Atrocities Essay Example for Free

Human Atrocities Essay In the age of terrorism and nuclear wars, one of the greatest challenges that the human community is facing right now is to curb human rights violations that is occurring in almost all parts of the world. Even the citizens of the most democratic of nations are not spared from a certain degree of human rights violations or atrocities. This is a fact that all citizens of the world must face and bravely address. But the bigger question is this: who is responsible to curb human atrocities? More specifically, what can the international and local community do to intervene in such atrocities? To answer these questions, I believe we must first arrive at a definition of human rights violations or atrocities. According to Wikipedia, human rights refers to the universal rights of all human beings regardless of race, color, nationality, religion gender and culture. From the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it is basically based on inherent human dignity. Concurrently, human atrocities are violations of rights inherent to an individual. Normally, it is a term used when a government violates national or international law related to the protection of human rights. (Wikipedia, 2007) I am of the opinion that the international community has an inherent responsibility to stand up against any form of human rights abuse. International courts such as the International Criminal Court and international organizations such as the United Nations must be vigilant in protecting the rights of each human being. They must be the first to safeguard the interest of each person against any crime that may be done against them by either the military in their respective government or their government per se. For instance, the International Criminal Court is designed to bring into effect those peremptory norms of international law which safeguard such fundamental values as human dignity, the respect for life and limb of innocent persons, and the protection of ethnic, religious or racial groups. (Cassesse, 2007) In addition, the International Criminal Court must bring to justice any state which violates the dignity of its citizens. Doing so will uphold the most important international values, including the respect for human rights. Moreover, taking these steps will uphold and vindicate community rights. International non-governmental organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch is an indication of what the international community can do in order to help curb the rise of human atrocities in any country. They have the resources to let the international community know of any wrongdoings being done in certain areas of the world. They can mobilize other local organizations to stand up against these atrocities by mobilizing public opinion. For instance, Amnesty International has worked and is further exerting its efforts for the protection of those detained because of their non-violent opinions and is seeking that Articles 18 and 19 of the UDHR be recognized globally. On the other hand, Human Rights Watch opposes basic human rights violations like death penalty and sex discrimination. It is an advocate of freedom relating to fundamental human rights like freedom of religion and the press. Another significant player in the bid to curb human atrocities is the local community. One cannot overemphasize on the power of the locals to intervene in such problems. Setting up international organizations will not solve the problems that are festering a country. Healing must come from within. The local community must always be on the look-out for any atrocities being done and must bravely report this to the authorities. As noted in the website of the Crimes of War Project, each international institution will need the support and cooperation of other institutions and, most significantly, of States themselves and local communities for that matter. For example, local community can be a source of vital information related to the patterns and mechanisms of the problems in the community that can help solve an international crisis. (Cassesse, 2007) I also believe that the power of media can be best utilized in addressing the realities of human rights violations. Since the media can effectively capture the attention of many people, the local and international media should make it their responsibility to report any news of wrongdoings or injustice. (Cassesse, 2007) This will also help in making each community –whether local or international—to be more vigilant in such cases. It must be understood that the measures to be taken by the international community will have no significant bearing without the support of the local community. No amount of intervention will be effective if the local community will not render its support. As noted by Antonio Cassesse in an article entitled â€Å"A Big Step Forward for International Justice†, the best response to atrocities lies in a prudent and well thought-out combination of various approaches both local and international. (Cassesse, 2007) He writes, â€Å"international criminal law is a branch of law that, more than any other, is about human folly, human wickedness, and human aggressiveness. It deals with the darkest side of our nature. It also deals with the way societies organize themselves to stem violence and viciousness as much as possible. Clearly, given the magnitude of the task, no single response may suffice. Instead, a broad array of responses, each tailored to specific circumstances, is needed effectively to fight international criminality. † (Cassesse, 2007) Hence, intervention of human atrocities is both a local and international responsibility –one that must be taken seriously and diligently by all societies in the world. Cited Works Cassesse, Antonio. crimesofwar. org. â€Å"A Big Step Forward for International Justice. † 7 March 2007. http://www. crimesofwar. org/icc_magazine/icc-cassese. html Wikipedia. â€Å"Human Rights. † 7 March 2007. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Human_rights#Violations_of_human_rights

Comparitive Analyis: Jefferson versus Hamilton Essay -- Politics Alexa

Though both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson served as members of President Washington’s cabinet, the two held very different views on the newly founded U.S. government, interpretation of its constitution, and the role of the â€Å"masses† in that government. These conflicting views would develop in two political parties, the Federalists led by Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans led by Jefferson. Although both political parties presented enticing aspects, Hamilton’s views were much more reasonable and fruitful when compared Jefferson’s views; idealistic and too strict in reference to the constitution. Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, strongly opposed America becoming a land of cities, mines, mills, factories, and other industrial plantations. To support their ideas for a country of farmers, they adopted the theory of strict constructionism. This theory put forth the thought that the government did not have the power to do anything, unless it was expressly given the consent by the Constitution. Federalists, on the other hand, promoted the growth of industry in America. This party, lead by Alexander Hamilton, used the idea of broad constructionism. It said that unless the Constitution said it could not be done, it was fine to go ahead and do it. They often referred to the Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the Elastic Clause; this stated that the government had the power to pass any law deemed â€Å"necessary and proper.† These two ideas...

Critique Nursing

Essay preview The purpose of this assignment is to critique and evaluate the chosen article in terms of strengths and weaknesses, to demonstrate an understanding of the research process. According to Polit and Beck (2004) the aim of critically appraising an article is an attempt to determine its strengths and limitations. Therefore, the research critique should reflect an objective and balanced consideration of the study's validity and significance (Polit and Hungler 1999). The task of critiquing is, according to Lo Biondo-Wood and Harber (2006) a challenging one and can only be effectively achieved through much practice and skill.For the purpose of this critique, the frameworks of Parahoo (1997) and Polit and Hungler (1999) have been used as a guide. This will assist in producing an organised sub-headed piece of work. Title The title of an article is the first part of a study to be encountered and Parahoo (1997) states that a title should draw the reader's attention to the precise a rea of study and make reference to the population from whom the data is collected. Cormack (2000) and Marshall and Kelly (2007) agree, stating a title should be concise and reflect the content of the study.The chosen article is titled ‘Perceived barriers and facilitators to implementing research findings in the Irish practice setting'. This title utilised by Glacken and Chaney is concise, consisting of 13 words in bold print. Rumrill et al (2000) state that a standard length title is 12 – 15 words. However, the title does not reflect the population of the sample group i. e. Registered Nurses. Although the title still provides insight into what the article is trying to accomplish. Author(s) According to Cormack (2000) researchers must be qualified to commence a esearch study. The researchers qualification and credentials in the article are clearly stated and easy to find. They both have initials after their names, one of which has a PHD, which indicate that they have an educational background. A search using Glacken and Chaney using the ProQuest database identifies several published articles by Glacken. According to Lo Biondo-Wood and Harber (2002) this enhances the credibility of a study placing confidence in the findings. The article was submitted for publication on the 1st July 2003 and was accepted on the 9th January 2004.This illustrates that it was still relevantly recent and not dated when published which could have posed questions regarding validity and reliability. â€Å"The Journal of Clinical Nursing† has published the article. This also adds to the credibility of the research study, as all published articles are double bind peer reviewed. Abstract The purpose of the abstract is to provide a short comprehensive synopsis of an article (Rumrill et al 2000). According to Parahoo (1997) it should quickly focus the reader's attention on the main points of the study.Langford (2001) also states that a well-presented abstract should be ac curate, self-contained and readable. This abstract gives a brief summary of the study and within the first few lines identifies what the study is trying to achieve – to ascertain what registered nurses perceive as barriers to the utilisation of research findings and discover what they perceive would facilitate the implementation of these findings. The remainder of the abstract provides a summary of approach (cross-sectional survey), the population (registered nurses) and overall findings.One limitation noted is that the researchers do not give the exact sample size in the abstract. By reading this summary it is believed that the reader would be able to make an informed choice about the relevance of the article for their purpose. The keywords used within the abstract were – barriers, clinical practice, facilitators, Republic of Ireland, utilisation. It is vital that researchers choose appropriate keywords for their articles in order to aid literature searching through d atabases (Webb 2005).The keywords used by Glacken and Chaney are all relevant to the research study. Introduction The purpose of the introductory section is to clearly identify the problem and give a rationale for the study been carried out (Cormack 2000). Poilt and Hungler (1999) agree by stating that the introduction should explain the research problem and why the study is important, worthwhile and relevant. Russell (2004) also states that the introduction should thoroughly describe the background of the research problem so that the need for the study is apparent.The introduction given by Glacken and Chaney builds a cause from existing literature that the problem is of adequate value to justify further research. The author of this critique believes the research problem is in the last sentence of the introduction. It states that there are many difficulties involved in achieving evidence – based practice and many barriers that may impede research utilisation. If this is in fa ct the research problem, the researchers comply with Russell's (2004) recommendation that the research problem should flow directly from the introduction and conclude this section.However one would feel that this introduction deals more with the importance of research rather than explaining that the remainder of the article will focus on the barriers that impede research. According to Cormack (2000) an introduction should also state the study's limitations. This particular introduction does not make the study's limitations explicit to the reader. Literature Review/Background According to Parahoo (1997) a literature review serves to put the current study into the context of what is already known about the subject.Cormack (2000) states that the literature review is a critical review of previous literature relating to the research topic. Therefore this section aims to provide the reader with an understanding of what the current state of evidence is in the selected area of study. This r eview is organised by heading that correspond to the key study concepts, which makes the review easy to follow. The researchers attempt to review previous studies relating to the topic, thus preparing the ground for new research. The studies presented highlight the significance of the problem under investigation.It was difficult to identify the exact research question, as there was no definite question asked. Although Valente (2003) states that sometimes researchers may hide the research question within the purpose of the study. The final statement of the literature review is therefore the purpose of this study – ‘it is timely that perceived barriers†¦ are identified and acknowledged'. Therefore as you read the review it moves from broad to specific relevance with the last section of the review clearly outlining the need for the study. Due to the article been published in 2004, it is expected that the references used will be relevantly recent.From reading the refer ence list, it can be seen that this is the case and only three references before 1994 have been used. There was a need for these older references as the original author who employed the Barriers scale did so in 1991 and the purpose of the 1978 reference was to illustrate that access to research reports has been a problem for many years. Also noted is that the articles included in the reference list are clearly related to the topic under study and include international resources, all nursing – related. http://repository. uwc. ac. a/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10566/308/RoweBlendedLearning2012. pdf? sequence=3 Method According to Polit and Hungler (1999) the heart of the research critique is the analysis of the methodology decisions adopted in addressing the research question. Cormack (2000) suggests the method section should clearly state the research approach to be used and asks whether the method is appropriate to the research problem and whether the strengths and limitations of the approach are stated. Although not written in text it is clearly pointed out that the article is of a quantitative approach.Burns and Groves (1997) describe quantitative research as a method used to gain more information, test relationships and uses numeric data to answer problems. In reviewing the methodology section which is under the subheading â€Å"Methods†, the researchers clearly demonstrate that the design method is a cross – sectional survey using a non – probability sample. According to Polit and Hungler (1999) a cross – sectional design involves the collection of data at one point in time. This descriptive study uses the established 29 – item Barriers 5 point Likert scale, after firstly gaining permission from the main author to employ the instrument – S.Funk. Therefore a strength of this article is related to the measurement tool. The researchers used an already developed measurement device in which the reliability of the tool would have been determined. They reinforce this fact by saying that the scale is recognised to be psychometrically robust. A further quantitative research tool – a questionnaire, was selected as the method to solicit opinions regarding the barriers to research. Cormack (2000) believes that questionnaires are the most widely used method of collecting data.However he recognises that if participants are aware that they are partaking in a study, it is natural that they might alter their response – the Hawthorne Effect (Cormack 2000). The researchers do not state how they minimised this Hawthorne Effect. In addition to the questionnaire, a demographic information sheet was utilised. This is in line with a descriptive design, as the purpose of such is to gain more information about the characteristics of a group (Vitale 2003). The research participants were a convenience sample of registered nurses who enrolled in a nursing focused academic course in Trinity College, Dublin .All who enrolled were invited to participate in the study. However the recruitment process is not described in much detail. It is not until the Findings section that the size of the sample is revealed – 169 participants responded. According to Thompson (1999) the sample size in quantitative research is preferably a large sample. Vitale (2003) states that the general rule regarding sample size is ‘sample error decreases as sample size increases'. It is harder to generalise a sample of this size. It is recognised by the researchers in the Discussion section that the particular mode of sampling employed may introduce bias into the findings.This may result in the findings becoming less reliable. A limitation noted in the method design used by the researchers was the lack of an explicit framework. The researchers did not identify if they used one. When researching the other studies that used the Barriers scale the vast majority used a framework. Ethical Consideration Ethics is an important part of nursing and nursing research. It is about researchers doing what is fair, decent and moral and is underpinned by values and believes of the community (Crookes and Davies 2004).There is no designated section allocated to ethical considerations, however Hek (1996) states that ethical issues may be integrated throughout the article. This article addresses ethical issues in both the abstract and under the method section. The researchers clarify that the ethical issues of a persons right not to be harmed, right of full disclosure, right of self-determination, right of privacy and confidentiality were respected. According to the researcher all participants provided their consent to the study by the returning of the completed questionnaire.Consent is vital as it respects the autonomy of individuals, their right to privacy and their right to choose (Tingle and Cribb 2002). Results Cormack (2000) states that the results should be presented clearly and in enough detai l so that the reader is able to judge how reliable the findings are. Polit and Beck (2004) agree by stating that the most critical element of any study is getting your results across and understood by your readers. Valente (2003) believes that the researchers should repeat the research question before delving into the findings.The researchers in this case presented the data in succinct form with little discussion at the start, but organise their findings under subheadings. According to Russell (2004) researchers frequently organise their findings by research question to facilitate readability. The aim was to quantify the barriers to research implementation. The authors of this article present their findings systematically, utilising a variety of graphs and tables. Figure 1 shows a graph depicting that 38% of the participants consulted journals more than twice a month.Table 1 presents the barriers to research utilisation in descending order of importance. Results were also explained and summarised alongside which according to Clifford (1997) is a form of descriptive statistics. According to Russell (2004) if a descriptive design was used the reader should find descriptive statistics such as mean, mode, median and standard deviation. All these statistics are included within the results section. The target audience (professional nurses) are more than likely to be able to interpret the figures within each table and, thus, judge hoe reliable the results are.It is important that results are presented in such a way that they are clearly understood (Cormack 2000). Parahoo (1997) is an advocate of comparing results with other similar studies. The researchers adopted this style and compared the top 10 barriers with those found in three recent studies (Table 3). The researchers showed their findings to be very similar with the studies undertaken in both Northern Ireland and Australia. Discussion/Conclusion The discussion section should flow from the data results and plac e the study's findings in context with what is already known (Parahoo 1997).Valente (2003) believes that under this section the researchers should summarise their major findings and conclude their application to practice, research, and theory and knowledge development. The researchers state that this section will discuss the findings in comparison with other studies undertaken. Valente (2003) states that author(s) should compare and contrast their results with other studies and interpret the findings. The discussion is unambiguous and supported by the results obtained. Again the researchers used subheadings to ease readability. There are many implications to practice identified by the researchers.According to Valente (2003) implications should describe how the results of the study could be applied to nursing practice. For example the researchers discovered that their study and many other studies identified nurses' perceived lack of authority as the most common barrier to research. T herefore they exposed a need to implement some change into the organisational setting. Also, more support from managers was noted to be the top ranked facilitator of research implementation. The researchers also suggest a further research study, which would explore the reasons why nurses do not access research journals on a regular basis. General ImpressionOverall the article was interesting with clear aims and use of methodology. It was quite simple to interpret and has provided interesting fact regarding this topic. The study contains few flaws and represents a valid example of descriptive quantitative research. The results have addressed the aims of the study and are both informative and descriptive. It is recommended that it should contain a section of ethical consideration however the ethical issues are evident throughout the article. In the introduction the article stresses the importance of research in nursing and health care. This builds a good case for continuing the study. Research is an essential part of every nurse's role. But as this study revealed there are many barriers for nurses to overcome to properly utilise and implement research. This study has brought these barriers to the foreground and identified ways to overcome them. The findings were interesting, although it might become more reliable if the study was replicated using a larger, random sample group. The top ranked barrier to research utilisation was surprising to read, as it was made known to be nurses' perceived lack of authority. The article was very good overall and a lot of interesting facts emerged from the study. References

Analysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell - 1029 Words

The novel 1984, written by George Orwell, depicts a horrendous future in which the citizens of the tyrannous state of Oceania live under unceasing surveillance. The mysterious character of Big Brother serves as the leader of this dystopian society while members of the Party work for total power over the general public. Telescreens are installed in every room for constant investigation, language is continuously modified, and extreme actions are made in order to achieve the end goal of absolute control over a mindless public. Orwell uses this novel to show that this way of living could become a reality within the near future. The degradation of language, methods of physical control, continuous surveillance of innocent people, and manipulation of history are all actions used in the novel which are being implemented in our culture today, showing the possibility of America soon becoming a place like Oceania. The right to free speech is a pressing issue in both 1984 as well as in real life . In the fictional state of Oceania, the everyday language is called Newspeak. Instead of trying to expand people’s vocabulary, â€Å"the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought† (Orwell 52). The government seeks to limit the amount of words people can use, thus limiting people’s knowledge, making it harder for one to express their feelings. Similar to 1984, â€Å"a majority of colleges have rules in place severely restricting free speech on campus† (Kingkade). This issue was made evidentShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1362 Words   |  6 PagesKathie Tejada Professor Antonio Tomà ¡s Guerrero Dà ­az COLI 214B 1984 This novel, 1984, is a dystopia and takes place in Oceania where people live in a totalitarian society. The author, George Orwell, wrote this as if he was looking into the future and what it was going to turn in to. This group of people, called The Party, have control over everything and everyone, and they have a leader, known as Big Brother, who is everywhere throughout the novel and the people look up to him. They invented a languageRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1084 Words   |  5 Pages1984 was written by British author George Orwell. The main character is an average man by the name of Winston Smith. Winston does not agree with the ideals of the party; this gets him arrested by the thought police. 1984 proclaims what could happen if people just let the government do all their thinking for them. 1.In the world of 1984, what is considered orthodox is not the same as the actual world. In the book in order to be considered orthodox one must never question the party or have any individualRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1493 Words   |  6 Pagessteadily bringing us closer to the world of Big Brother because the government has the ability to collect information from devices that are constantly being in use such as cell phones, televisions, and computers without our consent. In the book entitled 1984, George Orwell reveals how Oceania was a world where no one could be trusted; an action as simple as thinking was considered a violation of the law and you could be arrested for it. Individuals were living in a society where their own thoughts, evenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1288 Words   |  6 PagesControlled freedom Present day society is very much like society in the book 1984. Although, some of the procedures have diminished slightly, they still do exist, and are still current in today’s society. it’s a shame that most people fail to see that our â€Å"free† nation is actually still controlled. we are being manipulated in such a manner that we do not see by propaganda, media, lies, and yes even torture. Many citizens can say that here in America we are free nation or have freedom, but do weRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1088 Words   |  5 Pages1984 The book that I chose for my first book report was 1984 by George Orwell. The story begins by introducing a man named, Winston Smith, a simple man from the country known as Oceania. He lives in a small flat within London, on the Island known as Airstrip One. Winston is a part of the outer party, which is a part of the ruling party within Oceania, and is a low ranking member who works for the Ministry of Truth as a propaganda officer. The people of the ruling party are constantly being watchedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell968 Words   |  4 PagesThe book, 1984 by George Orwell, is about the external and internal conflicts that take place between the two main characters, Winston and Big Brother and how the two government ideas of Democracy and totalitarianism take place within the novel. Orwell wrote the novel around the idea of communism/totalitarianism and how society would be like if it were to take place. In Orwell’s mind democracy and communism cre ated two main characters, Winston and Big Brother. Big Brother represents the idea ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1253 Words   |  6 Pagesno point of trying to live a regular life. In the book 1984 by George Orwell nearly everyone in the book is brainwashed and given a lot of false information. Winston and other characters only provide a little bit of hope. With a little bit of hope in the brainwashed world there is still absolutely no chance for any recovery unless the upper management screws up. This hope provides nearly no chance of humanity going back to normal. In the book, 1984, Big Brother is watching over everyone at all timesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell2321 Words   |  10 Pagespossible crime, thoughtcrime. In the novel â€Å"1984†, by George Orwell, Winston Smith rebelles passively against the idea of living in a complete uniform world under Big Brother’s dreadful surveillance. Thought crime’s impact on the novel’s population is devastating, so much so that it is somewhat hard to picture today’s society in its place. The sad reality is that thoughtcrime does impact the lives of the people in today’s society to some extent as it does in the book. The level of punishment for such a crimeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1092 Words   |  5 Pages and opinions of its citizens; therefore removing the difference between state and society. The goal of a totalitarian government is to replace the existing society with a perfect one. In the novel â€Å"1984† by George Orwell, Big Brother is a dominant figure in the ways which he controls Oceania. Orwell portrays a society with a government that oversees and influences each facet of human life to the point that even having an unfaithful thought that is in disagreement with the law is forbidden. Big BrotherRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell930 Words   |  4 Pages The book 1984 was filled with constant rebellion from one individual known as Winston Smith who does not believe in the â€Å"Party† and would much rather join the â€Å"Brotherhood† where he can oppose the Party. While in Divergent, Beatrice Prior is loyal and compliant with her government until she learns that she is a rare type of human known as a divergent and poses a threat to her government. These two stories while incredibly different have many similarities as well. Both stories are about people trying